Arabian
- Ibn Battuta (1304-1368)
- Over a span of thirty years, traveled from Mecca to Egypt, East Africa, India, China, Spain, and Timbuktu
- Ahmad Ibn-Fadlan (fl. early 10th century)
- Gathered geographical information on a trip from Baghdad to Persia, Central Asia, the Caspian regions, and Russia to the Bulgar capital (921-922)
- 'Abu 'Abd-Muhammad al-Sharif ab-Idrisi (c1100-1165)
- Famous cartographer and geographer of the Middle Ages traveling in the Middle East, North Africa, and Asia Minor
