Other Vitamins
The following are the lesser known vitamins.
VITAMIN F is a fat soluble vitamin composed of unsaturated fatty acids (linoleic, linolenic, and arachidonic) obtained from foods. The term now used is "essential fatty acids." The FDA stopped allowing the use of the term "Vitamin F" for advertising purposes when some fast food restaurants started advertising "vitamin enriched" for all foods fried in oil. At one time, it was also used to denote Vitamin B2 (riboflavin). "Vitamin F" helps burn saturated fats as long as the intake is balanced 2-1 (2 unsaturated fat to 1 saturated), thereby aiding in weight reduction. If sufficient linoleic acid is available, the other two fatty acids, linolenic and arachidonic, can be synthesized. "Vitamin F" can be destroyed by an oversupply of saturated fats, heat, and oxygen and the consumption of large amounts of carbohydrates. Although most nuts are good sources of unsaturated fatty acids, Brazil nuts and cashews are not.
Provitamin F is a specific form of Vitamin F.
Other names include: vitamin Fo, essential fatty acids, EFA.
Forms include: linoleic acid, cis-linoleic acid, gamma-linolenic acid, linolenic acid, oleic acid, methyl linoleate, ethyl linoleate, cyclohexylamide/linolexamide, Clinolamide.
Deficiency symptoms include: (a host of disorders see Fats and Oils); growth stops, eczema, acne, dry skin, dandruff, dry/dull/brittle/thinning hair, soft/brittle/flaking nails, dry eyes and mouth, diarrhea, allergies, varicose veins, decreased/increased weight, gallstones, decreased resistance to radiation, heart disease, cancers, deterioration of skin integrity, sterility, swollen joints, deterioration of the liver, fatigue, emotional agitation, decreased immunity, and T-cell count.
Toxicity symptoms include: decreased metabolism, and an abnormal weight gain.
Inhibitors are: saturated fats, saturated fatty acids, nonessential fatty acids, trans-fatty acids, laxatives, mineral oil, alcohol, diabetes, aging, cholesterol, heat, deoderizing and hydrogenating of oils, oxygen, ferrous sulfate, viral infections, radiation, cancers, and decreased levels of Vitamin C and zinc.
Helpers include: Vitamins A, B3a, B6, B12, B15, Bt, C, D, E, magnesium, phosphorus, selenium, zinc, and polyunsaturated fats.
Note: Low levels of supplements should be kept low if gallstones, digestive upsets, or psoriasis are present.
Vitamin F99 is a specific classification of the essential fatty acids.
Its form consists of: a concentrated mixture of linoleic acid, linolenic acid, and arachidonic acid.
VITAMIN G is an obsolete term once used for riboflavin (as was Vitamin F).
VITAMIN H is an obsolete name for biotin. It is also used to denote many of the sub-vitamin B complex such as Bc, BH, Bp, Bw, and Bx.
Vitamin H3 is a very controversial substance. Its essential need in humans seems to be in question. It breaks down into the nutrient Bx plus diethylamino ethanol, a provitamin form of vitamin Bp. It is used as a nutritional product, in anesthetics, in drugs, and as a vitamin precursor. Sources of it are found mainly in commercial procaine preparations.
Names include: gerovital, gerovital H3, GH3, KH3, para-aminobenzoyldiethylaminoethanol hydrochloride, para-aminobenzoatehydrochloride, Novocain, Ethocaine, Neocaine, Syncaine, Scurocaine, Allocaine, Alocaine, Anesthesol, Anestil, Cetain, Isocaine-Asid, Isocaine-Heisler, Atoxicocaine, Naucaine, Bernocaine, Irocaine, Juvocaine, Jenacaine, Kerocaine, Paracain, Planocaine, Aminocaine, Eugerase, Sevicaine, Topokain, Westocaine.
Forms include: procaine HCL/para-aminobenzoic diethylaminoethanol hydrochloride.
Deficiency symptoms include: arthritis, inflammation of arteries, hardening of brain arteries, trophic ulcers, digestive upsets, baldness(?), senile Parkinsonism, decreased hearing and vision, ringing/noises in ears, increased blood pressure, defective heart conditions, irregular heart rhythms, cardiospasms, atrial fibrillation, angina, vericose veins, asthma, decreased cell regeneration, skin inflammations, hives, edema, wrinkled skin, schizophrenia, skin ichthyosis, senile keratosism, dermatosclerosis, psoriasis, rashes, skin leukoderma, decreased hair color, decreased muscle tone, failing memory, decreased oxygen, increased cholesterol.
Toxicity symptoms include: hives, nausea, decreased pulse rate, convulsions.
Inhibitors are: enzyme cholinesterase and caffeine.
Helpers are: Vitamins B12, Bc, Bx, F, P, chlorine, potassium, potassium metabisulfate, sodium, benzoic acid (preservative), dibasic phosphate.
VITAMIN I is a term sometimes used to denote Vitamin Bw and the now obsolete Vitamin B7. It is a possible internal combination of Vitamins A and E.
VITAMIN J is also known as Vitamin C2 or Vitamin Bp.
VITAMIN L is thought to be necessary for lactation -- the reason for the "L" -- although it is not officially recognized as a vitamin and dietary sources have not been identified. L2 was isolated and seems to be related to adenosine. It has been referred to as LT but LT is a much more complex substance and is sometimes erroneously included with the B vitamin complex.
Forms include: vitamin L, vitamin L2.
Names for L1 include: vitamin L, vitamin L1, anthranilic acid, ortho-aminobenzoic acid.
Names for L2 include: vitamin L, vitamin L2, adenyl thiomethylpentose (which is also its form).
Inhibitors for both are: mineral oil and laxatives.
VITAMIN M was used as an obsolete name for folacin. There is, however, a trademark name for a product by Dr. Hans Nieper called Membrane Integrity FactorŽ, or Vitamin Mi.
Forms include: 2-AEPsalt and calcium 2-AEP. It is used as a nutritional product, supposedly to prevent the deterioration of cell membrane integrity and premature aging.
Vitamin MK Complex are specific forms of Vitamin K (MK1, MK2, MK3, MK4, MK5, MK6, MK7, MK8, MK9, MK10).
VITAMIN N is a name once given to extracts from the stomach and brain of animals that were reported to inhibit cancer, and is sometimes erroneously included with the B Complex.
Other names include: thioctic acid, alpha-lipoic acid, valeric acid, pentanoic acid, protogen A, acetate replacing factor, pyruvate oxidation factor, POF, Biletan, Lipoicin, Thioctacid, Thioctan, Tioctan, Tioctidasi.
Forms include: dithiolan-3 pentanamide/thioctic acid/alpha-lipoic acid.
Deficiency symptoms include: fatigue, decreased ATP production, decreased muscle strength, increased cholesterol levels, and decreased cancer resistance.
Inhibitors are: laxatives, mineral oil.
Sources are found in stomach extracts, brain, and internal synthesis. It is used in cases of liver deterioration and for amanita poisoning (poisonous mushrooms).
VITAMIN P (named for its permeability)was discovered in 1936 when it was extracted and isolated from red peppers and lemon juice. It was declared to be more effective in the treatment of vascular fragility than ascorbic acid alone. Vitamin P, which is now known as bioflavonoids, is a water soluble vitamin necessary for proper functioning and absorption of Vitamin C. Flavonoids and bioflavonoids are often used interchangably, but not all flavonoids are biologically active while bioflavonoids are. In addition, bioflavonoids indicate some benefit to humans, but not all flavonoids do that. Flavonoids are the substances that provide the yellow and orange color in plants (including riboflavin) and includes flavonones, flavones, flavonols, flavylium (compounds of anthocyanins and anthocyanidins -- tannins), flavandiols, catechins, polyphenols (which include flavonoids, catechin, epicatechin, epicatechin gallate, epigallocatechin gallate and proanthocyanidin). There are approximately 4000 known
flavonoids that come under twelve subheadings. There is no RDA for bioflavonoids, but most nutritionists recommend 100 mg. of bioflavonoids for every 500 mg. of Vitamin C.
Names include: capillary permeability factor, Vitamin C Complex, Vitamin P Complex, bioflavonoids, flavonoids, Citrus Bioflavonoids, Rutin, Hesperidin, Quercetin, quercitrin, naringin, Citrin, flavones, polyphenols, Arliflav, C.V.P., Pecitrol Veinogene.
Forms include: citrin (citrus fruits), hesperidin (rose hips), rutin (buckwheat), quercetin (cabbage family), troxerutin, esculetin, phenylehroman.
Deficiency symptoms include: fragile blood vessels, easy bruising, nose bleeds, aggragation of blood cells, predisposition for blood clots, decreased Vitamin C availability, decreased Vitamin A absorption, decreased levels of epinephrine, varicose veins, hemorrhoids, decreased antiviral activity, decreased frostbite resistance.
There is no known toxicity symptoms up to 3000 mg.
Vitamin P1 is a specific form of Vitamin P.
Other names include: rutin, esculin, esculetin, methylesculin, rutoside, melin, phytomelin, eldrin, ilxathin, sophorin, globularicitrin, paliuroside, osyritrin, osyritin, myrticolorin, violaquercitrin, Birutan, Rutabion, Rutozyd, Tanrutin.
Vitamin P1 Complex are specific forms of Vitamin P1.
Other names include: Vitamin P1, esculin, esculetin, methylesculin, esculoside, biocolorin, enallachrome, polychrome, Escosyl, phenylchroman, cichorigenin.
Vitamin P2 is a specific form of Vitamin P.
Other names include: hesperidin, cirantin, hesperetin-7-rutinoside.
Vitamin P3 is a specific form of Vitamin P.
Vitamin P4 is a specific form of Vitamin P.
Other names include: factor P-Zyma, venoruton P4, troxerutin, trioxyethylrutin, tri(hydroxyethyl)rutoside, Posorutin, Ruven, Veinamitol, HR, Paroven, Relvene, Varemoid, Venoruton.
VITAMIN Q Complex is comprised of various forms of Vitamin Q and received its designation from a Dr. Quick who is credited with doing the most work on the substance. Therefore, it is also known as Quick's vitamin. Its form has not been chemically isolated to any specific form; therefore, it is possible that it is not related to those designated as vitamins Q0 to Q10.
Deficiency symptoms include: hereditary bleeding disorder telangiectasia, decreased blood clotting.
Inhibitors include: laxatives and mineral oil.
Helpers are: Vitamins A, E, K, selenium.
Qo names include: Coenzyme Qo, CoQo, ubiquinone(0), ubichromenol(0).
Q1 names include: Coenzyme Q1, CoQ1, ubiquinone(5), ubichromenol(5).
Q2 names include: Coenzyme Q2, CoQ2, ubiquinone(10), ubichromenol(10).
Q3 names include: Coenzyme Q3, CoQ3, ubiquinone(15), ubichromenol(15).
Q4 names include: Coenzyme Q4, CoQ4, ubiquinone(20), ubichromenol(20).
Q5 names include: Coenzyme Q5, CoQ5, ubiquinone(25), ubichromenol(25).
Q6 names include: Coenzyme Q6, CoQ6, ubiquinone(30), ubichromenol(30).
Q7 names include: Coenzyme Q7, CoQ7, ubiquinone(35), ubichromenol(35).
Q8 names include: Coenzyme Q8, CoQ8, ubiquinone(40), ubichromenol(40).
Q9 names include: Coenzyme Q9, CoQ9, ubiquinone(45), ubichromenol(45). This form is an essential nutrient for invertebrates, rats, mice, walleyed pike, fungi, plants, and bacteria.
Provitamin Q10 is sometimes applied to Q7, Q8, and Q9.
Vitamin Q10 Complex names include: Vitamin Q10, Coenzyme Q10, CoQ10, Coq, ubiquinone(50), ubichromenol(50), mitoquinone, SA, Q-275, 272-substance, coenzyme Q199, ibidecarenone, NSC 140865, Adelir, Heartcin, Inokiton, Neuquinone, Taidecanone, Udekinon. Its forms are: ubiquinone(50), ubichromenol(50).
Deficiency symptoms include: deterioration of heart function, angina, decreased cell energy from mitochondria, fatigue, decreased serum levels of coenyme Q10, high blood pressure, gum disease, gingivitus, bleeding gums, decreased immunity, digestion deterioration, stomach ulcers, bruises. No known toxicity to 1000 mg.
Inhibitors are: laxatives and mineral oil.
Helpers are: Vitamins A, E, K, selenium.
VITAMIN R is a bacterial growth factor and probably a derivative of folacin.
VITAMIN S is a bacterial growth factor and is identified with biotin.
VITAMIN T was originally isolated from termites as a complex growth factor, and from there found in yeasts, fungi, and egg yolks. Very little is known about Vitamin T, except that it seems to ward off certain forms of anemia and hemophilia by helping the blood coagulation and the formation of blood platelets. It is reported to promote excess growth in insects and improve the protein uptake in rats.
Other names include: Vitamin T, Vitamin T Goetsch, Goetsch's vitamin, factor T, termitin, torutilin, Tegotin, Temina.
Forms include: mycoine, penicin.
Deficiency symptoms include: anemia, slow healing, deterioration of vascular tone of veins, hemophilia, decreased blood clotting, decreased memory and nerve regeneration, decreased productivity of blood platelets. decreased mental health/appetite/protein utilization/ immunity/resistance to colds, shortened life span, fatigue.
Inhibitors include: laxatives, mineral oil.
VITAMIN U was originally used for the substance, later found to be Vitamin Bc, and now appears to be a bacterial growth factor that could be a derivative of folacin; but there is even less known about it than Vitamin T. Technically, Vitamin U does not exist as a single entity, and no official use has been identified. However, it is alleged to play an important role in healing ulcers, but opinions vary. Some researchers have identified it as DL-methoinine-methylsuphonium chloride, but it is not generally accepted. The prime food source appears to be raw cabbage.
Other names include: ulcer-preventative factor, anti-gizzard erosion factor, ardesyl, methylmethioninesulfonium chloride, MMSC, Cabagin, Cabagin-U Epadyn-U, Vitas-U.
Forms include: l-methionine methylsulfonium salt, methylmethioninesulfonium chloride, methylmethioninesulfonium bromide.
Deficiency symptoms include: ulceration of internal organs, gas pains, deterioration of appetite, slow wound healing, increased cholesterol levels.
Inhibitors include: heat, storage, and aging.
VITAMIN V is a term that is sometimes used to denote Vitamin Bx. It is a bacterial growth factor and probably a derivative of niacin's NAD (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide).
VITAMIN W is a bacterial growth factor and probably a derivative of biotin since the deficiencies listed are the same.
VITAMIN X is a term used to denote many unknown substances and a term used for virtually every vitamin isolated during the initial phase of research used interchangeably with "factor x." It appears to be a bacterial growth factor or possibly a derivative of biotin. However, its forms and deficiencies are similar to those of Vitamin Bw. For now, it is usually associated with Vitamin P (flavonoids). The name is used as a mythical substance, supposedly found in a mixture called fo-ti-tieng. It does not appear to have a particular identity as various herbs are sold under its guise in the US and UK after a Chinese herbalist claimed his lifespan of 250 years was a result of consuming this substance.
VITAMIN Y appears to be identical with pyridoxine (B6).
