Betulaceae
| Name | Height | Leaf | Fruit | Region |
| Hop-hornbeam Ostrya virginiana |
25' - 40', can be 60' | alternate, simple, tapering to long tip, 2.5" - 5" by 1" - 2" | flattish nut, .25", enclosed in a sac, .75" | Deciduous, Great Lakes - St. Lawrence, Acadian, southern Boreal, and eastern Grasslands |
| Blue-beech Carpinus caroliniana |
20' | alternate, simple,rounded at base, 2" - 4" by .75" - 1.75" | ribbed nut in leaf-like structure, 1" | Deciduous and southern Great Lakes - St. Lawrence |
| Yellow Birch Betula alleghanianis |
60' - 75', can be 100' | oval, tapering to sharp point, toothed | erect, with scales, 1.25" by .63" | Deciduous, Great Lakes - St. Lawrence, Acadian, part of eastern Boreal |
| Cherry Birch Betula lenta |
40' - 50' | oval, finely toothed, 3" | fruiting bodies, 1" - 1.25" by .5" | Niagara Peninsula |
| White Birch Betula papryrifera |
80' | triangular or oval, partly toothed, 3.25" | fruiting bodies, 1.5" - .25" | most of Canada |
| Alaska Birch Betula neoalaskana |
20' - 40' | triangular to oval | fruiting bodies, blunt tipped, 1.25" - .38" | western Boreal |
| Water Birch Betula occidentalis |
20', can be 35' | broadly oval, sharp teeth, .75" - 2" | fruiting body, blunt tipped, 1" - 1.5" by .19" - .38" | most of western Canada except Coast |
| Grey Birch Betula populifolia |
35' | triangular, long tip, toothed, 2.5" | fruiting body, blunt tip, .38" by .19" | eastern Great Lakes - St. Lawrence, Acadian |
| Red Alder Alnus rubra |
80' | oval to rhombic, tapered both ends, toothed | oval fruiting body, winged, .75" | Coast |
| Speckled Alder Alnus rugosa |
20' - 30' | oval, toothed, 2" - 4" | oval fruiting body, winged, .63" by .31" | Saskatchewan eastward |
| Mountain Alder Alnus tenuifolia |
can be 45' | like A. rugosa, except thinner, smoother, and veins not impressed | like A. rugosa | Saskatchewan westward except Coast |
| Sitka Alder Alnus sinuata |
can reach 40' | broadly oval, no teeth near stalk, tapered to tip | fruiting body, in clusters, .5" | British Columbia to Rocky Mountains and to Boreal |
