Pinaceae
| Name | Height | Leaf | Fruit | Region |
| Western White Pine Pinus monticola |
90' - 110', can be 200' | slender needle, in 5s, 2" - 4" | cylindrical when closed, 4" - 10" by 1' - 1.5' | parts of Coast and Columbia |
| Limber Pine Pinus flexilis |
25' - 40' | stout needle, in 5s, 1.5" - 3.5" | spherical to oval closed, 3" - 8" by 1.5" - 2.25" | eastern and western foothills of Rocky Mountains |
| Eastern White Pine Pinus strobus |
100', can be 175' | slender needle, in 5s, 2.5" - 5" | cylindrical closed, 3" - 8" by 1" | Great Lakes - St. Lawrence, into Boreal, Acadian, and Deciduous |
| Whitebark Pine Pinus albicola |
40', can be 80' | stout needle, in 5s, 1.5" - 3.5" | oval to nearly globular, 1.5" - 3" | Subalpine |
| Ponderosa Pine Pinus ponderosa |
75' - 100', can be 160' | slender needle, in 3s, 5" - 11" | cylindrical to slightly oval, 3" - 6" | southern Montane |
| Pitch Pine Pinus rigida |
30', can be 60' | twisted needle, in 3s, 3" - 5" | oval, 2" - 3.5" | St. Lawrence River Valley |
| Red Pine Pinus resinous |
60' - 80', can be 75' - 125' | flexible, sharp-pointed needle, in 2s, 4" - 6.5" | oval, 1.5" - 2.5" | Great Lakes - St. Lawrence, to southern Manitoba and to Atlantic coast |
| Jack Pine Pinus banksiana |
40' - 60', can be 80' | stiff, sharp-pointed needle, in 2s, .75" - 2" | oblong to conical, 1" - 3" | Boreal, especially north and west of Lake Superior |
| Lodgepole Pine Pinus contorta |
15' - 50' (coast), 50' - 100' (inland) | twisted, sharp-pointed needle, in 2s, 1" - 3" | cylindrical to oval, 1" - 2" | Brirish Columbia, Alberta, and part of Saskatchewan |
| Tamarack Larix laricina |
30' - 70' | slender needle, single, 1" | slightly larger than broad, .5" | across eastern and northern Canada |
| Western Larch Larix occidentalis |
100' - 180' | slender needle, 1" - 1.5" | oval closed, 1" - 1.5" | parts of Columbia and Montane |
| Alpine Larch Larix lyallii |
30' - 40' | slender needle, single, 1.5" - 2" | oval closed, 1.5" - 2" | Subalpine |
| White Spruce Picea glauca |
80', can be 120' | broad blunt needle, .75" | slender, cylindrical, 2" | mainly Boreal, but found everywhere |
| Engleman Spruce Picea englemanni |
100' - 120', can be 180' | broad, stiff needle, .75" | cylindrical to nearly oval, 1" - 3" | part of Subalpine |
| Sitka Spruce Picea sitchensis |
125' - 175', can be 280' | broad needle, 1" | broad cylindrical, 2.5" - 4" | Coast |
| Red Spruce Picea rubens |
70' - 80', can be 100' | broad, stiff needle, .5" - .75" | narrow oval, 1.5" - 2" | eastern Great Lakes - St. Lawrence, Acadian |
| Black Spruce Picea mariana |
30' - 50', can be 100' | broad, four-sided needle, .5" | pointed oval, 1" | much of eastern and northern Canada |
| Eastern Hemlock Tsuga canadensis |
60' - 70' | flat, tapering slightly base to tip, .33" - .67" | wide in middle and pointed closed .75" | Great Lakes - St. Lawrence and Acadian |
| Western Hemlock Tsuga heterophylla |
120' - 160' | flat, narrowed abruptly at base, .25" - .75" | parallel sides and blunt-tipped when closed, .75" | Coast and Columbia |
| Mountain Hemlock Tsuga mertensiana |
25' - 50' | semi-circular, blunt-tipped, .75" | broad cylindrical, 2" - 4" | Subalpine |
| Douglas-fir Pseudotsuga menziesii |
150' - 200' | linear, sharp-pointed, .75" - 1.25" | narrowly oval, 2" - 4" | Coast |
| Balsam Fir Abies balsamea |
50' - 70' | two-ranked, .25" - 1.25" | oblong, 2" - 4" | Acadian, Great Lakes - St. Lawrence, and part of Boreal |
| Alpine Fir Abies issiocarpa |
65' - 100' | many markings, curved upwards, 1" - 1.25" | oblong, 2.5" - 4" | Subalpine and part of Boreal |
| Amabilis Fir Abies amabilis |
80' - 125' | markings underside, .75" - 1.25" | barrel-shaped, 3.5" - 5" | Coast and coastal Subalpine |
| Grand Fir Abies grandis |
100' - 125' | bands underside, 1 - 2" | cylindrical to narrow oval, 2" - 4.5" | southern Coast and Columbia |
