Greenbelt Park
Greenbelt Park is a retreat from the pressures of city life and a refuge for native plants and animals just twelve miles from Washington, D.C.
Long before colonial settlers appeared here, trees and flowers covered these rolling hills and wildlife roamed the woodlands. Algonquin Indians hunted this land in competition with other smaller tribes. A balance existed between the land and its plants, animals, and native people. Then the colonists arrived. Trees fell and forests gave way to farmland. Wildlife retreated to the frontier. For the next 150 years, people cleared the land, plowed the fields, and planted tobacco, corn, and other crops. The rich fertile soil returned high yields. The people did not give back to the land as much as they took. The land wore out, producing less each season and farming ceased. The land was left bare and defenseless. Erosion caused many scars before nature could slow the process with new growth.
The land was abandoned by corn and tobacco farmers and was destined to become a housing project. A variety of occurrences left the project defunct; thus, the land became part of the National Agricultural Research Center. Since the early 1900s, the land has been recovering. Today, the mixed pine and decidious forest testifies to the land's ability to recover. The land of Greenbelt Park was acquired by the National Park Service in 1950.
There are variety of recreations available at Greenbelt Park, including picnicking, camping, backpacking, biking, bird watching, hiking, horseback riding, interpretive programs, nature walks, and wildlife viewing.
See map of the park.
We would like to thank Brent Steury, Biologist, National Capital Parks-East, at Greenbelt Park, for information for this page.
Flora
- Common Name (Order Family Genus species)
Trees
- American Chestnut (Fagales Fagaceae Castanea dentata)
- Beech (Fagales Fagaceae Fagus sylvatica)
- Chinquapin (Fagales Fagaceae Castanea pumila)
- Dogwood (Cornales Cornaceae Cornus ?)
- Hickory (Juglandales Juglandaceae Carya tomentosa)
- Mountain Laurel (Laurales Lauraceae Kalmia latifolia)
- Poplar (Salicales Populus ? ?)
- Swamp Chestnut Oak (Fabales Fabaceae Quercus michauxii)
- Sweet Bay Magnolia (Magnoliales Magnoliaceae Magnolia virginiana)
- Sweetgum (Hamamelidales Hamamelidaceae Liquidambar styraciflua )
Flowers, Grasses, Weeds
- Colonial Dwarf Dandelion or Potato Dandelion (Asterales Asteraceae (Compositae) Krigia dandelion)
- Cranefly Orchid (Orchidales Orchidaceae Tipularia discolor)
- Double Bridal-wreath (Rosales Rosaceae Spiraea prunifolia)
- Field-dodder or Five-angled Dodder (Polemoniales Convolvulaceae Cuscuta pentagona)
- Follicled Sedge (Cyperales Cyperaceae Carex folliculata)
- Indian Grass (Poales Graminae (Poaceae) Sorghastrum nutans)
- Leavenworth's Sedge (Cyperales Cyperaceae Carex leavenworthii)
- Pink Lady's-slipper (Orchidales Orchidaceae Cypripedium acaule)
- Pinkster Flowered Azalea (Ericales Ericaceae Rhododendron periclymenoides)
- Poison-sumac (Sapindales Anacardiaceae Toxicodendron vernix)
- Poverty-grass (Poales Graminae (Poaceae) Sporobolus vaginiflorus)
- Roadside Agrimonia (Rosales Rosaceae Agrimonia striata)
- Skunk Cabbage (Arales Araceae Symplocarpus foetidus)
- Smooth Florida Paspalum (Poales Graminae (Poaceae) Paspalum floridanum)
- Spatterdock Lily (Nymphaeles Nymphaeaceae Nuphar advena)
- Swan's Sedge (Cyperales Cyperaceae Carex swanii)
- Sweet Pepperbush or Coast White Alder (Ericales Clethraceae Clethra alnifolia)
- Trailing Arbutus (Ericales Ericaceae Epigaea repens)
- Virginia Spring Beauty (Caryophyllales Portulacaceae Claytonia virginica)
- Yellow Iris (Liliales Iridaceae Iris pseudacorus)
Lower Class Plants
- Gypsy Moth Parasite Fungus (Entomophthorales Entomophthoraceae Entomophaga maimaiga)
- Royal Fern (Osmundales Osmundaceae Osmunda regalis)
- Running Pine (Lycopodiales Lycopodiaceae Lycopodium clavatum)
- Sphagnum Moss (Sphagnales Sphagnaceae Sphagnum palustre)
Fauna
- Common Name (Order Family [Subfamily] Genus species)
Birds
- Acadian Flycatcher (Passeriformes TyrannidaeEmpidonax virescens)
- American Crow (Passeriformes Corvidae Corvus brachyrhynchos)
- American Goldfinch (Passeriformes Fringillidae [Carduelinae] Carduelis tristis)
- American Kestrel (Falconiformes Falconidae Falco sparverius)
- American Redstart (Passeriformes Parulidae Setophaga ruticilla)
- American Robin (Passeriformes Turdidae Turdus migratorius)
- American Tree Sparrow (Passeriformes Emberizidae [Emberizinae] Spizella arborea)
- American Woodcock (Charadriiformes Scolopacidae [Scolopacinae] Scolopax minor)
- Baltimore Oriole (Passeriformes Icteridae [Icterinae] Icterus galbula)
- Barn Swallow (Passeriformes Hirundinidae [Hirundininae] Hirundo rustica)
- Barred Owl (Strigiformes Strigidae [Buboninae] Strix varia)
- Bay-breasted Warbler (Passeriformes Parulidae Dendroica castanea)
- Belted Kingfisher (Coraciiformes Alcedinidae [Cerylinae] Ceryle alcyon)
- Black Vulture (Ciconiiformes Ciconiidae Coragyps atratus)
- Black-and-white Warbler (Passeriformes Parulidae Mniotilta varia)
- Black-billed Cuckoo (Cuculiformes Cuculidae [Phaenicophaeinae] Coccyzus erythropthalmus)
- Black-throated Blue Warbler (Passeriformes Parulidae Dendroica caerulescens)
- Black-throated Green Warbler (Passeriformes Parulidae Dendroica virens)
- Blackburnian Warbler (Passeriformes Parulidae Dendroica fusca)
- Blackpoll Warbler (Passeriformes Parulidae Dendroica striata)
- Blue Grosbeak (Passeriformes Emberizidae [Cardinalinae] Guiraca caerulea)
- Blue Jay (Passeriformes Corvidae Cyanocitta cristata)
- Blue-gray Gnatcatcher (Passeriformes Sylviidae Polioptila caerulea)
- Blue-headed Vireo (Passeriformes Vireonidae [Veroninae] Vireo solitarius)
- Blue-winged Warbler (Passeriformes Parulidae Vermivora pinus)
- Broad-winged Hawk (Falconiformes Accipitridae Buteo platypterus)
- Brown Creeper (Passeriformes Certhiidae [Certhiinae] Certhia americana)
- Brown Thrasher (Passeriformes Mimidae Toxostoma rufum)
- Brown-headed Cowbird (Passeriformes Icteridae [Icterinae] Molothrus ater)
- Canada Goose (Anseriformes Anatidae [Anserinae] Branta canadensis)
- Canada Warbler (Passeriformes Parulidae Wilsonia canadensis)
- Cape May Warbler (Passeriformes Parulidae Dendroica tigrina)
- Carolina Chickadee (Passeriformes Paridae Parus carolinensis)
- Carolina Wren (Passeriformes Troglodytidae Thryothorus ludoviciantus)
- Cedar Waxwing (Passeriformes Bombycillidae [Bombycillinae] Bombycilla cedrorum)
- Chestnut-sided Warbler (Passeriformes Parulidae Dendroica pensylvanica)
- Chimney Swift (Apodiformes Apodidae Chaetura pelagica)
- Chipping Sparrow (Passeriformes Emberizidae [Emberizinae] Spizella passerina)
- Common Grackle (Passeriformes Icteridae [Icterinae] Quiscallus quiscula)
- Common Loon (Gaviiformes Gaviidae Gavia Immer)
- Common Nighthawk (Caprimulgiformes Caprimulginidae [Chordeilinae] Chordeiles minor)
- Common Yellowthroat (Passeriformes Parulidae Geothlypis trichas)
- Connecticut Warbler (Passeriformes Parulidae Oporornis agilis)
- Cooper's Hawk (Falconiformes Accipitridae Accipiter cooperii)
- Dark-eyed Junco (Passeriformes Emberizidae [Emberizinae] Junco hyemalis)
- Downy Woodpecker (Piciformes Picidae [Picinae] Picoides pubescens)
- Eastern Bluebird (Passeriformes Turdidae Sialia sialis)
- Eastern Kingbird (Passeriformes Tyrannidae Tyrannus tyrannus)
- Eastern Phoebe (Passeriformes Tyrannidae Sayornis phoebe)
- Eastern Screech-Owl (Strigiformes Strigidae [Buboninae] Otus asio)
- Eastern Towhee (Passeriformes Emberizidae [Emberizinae] Pipilo erythrophthalmus)
- Eastern Wood-Pewee (Passeriformes Tyrannidae Contopus virens)
- European Starling (Passeriformes Sturnidae [Sturninae] Sturnus vulgaris)
- Evening Grosbeak (Passeriformes Fringillidae Coccothraustes vespertinus)
- Field Sparrow (Passeriformes Emberizidae [Emberizinae] Spizella pusilla)
- Fish Crow (Passeriformes Corvidae Corvus ossifragus)
- Fox Sparrow (Passeriformes Emberizidae [Emberizinae] Passerella iliaca)
- Golden-crowned Kinglet (Passeriformes Regulidae Regulus satrapa)
- Golden-winged Warbler (Passeriformes Parulidae Vermivora chrysoptera)
- Gray Catbird (Passeriformes Mimidae Dumetella carolinensis)
- Gray-cheeked Thrush (Passeriformes Turdidae Catharus minimus)
- Great Black-backed Gull (Charadriiformes Laridae [Larinae] Larus marinus)
- Great Blue Heron (Ciconiiformes Ardeidae Ardea herodias)
- Great Crested Flycatcher (Passeriformes Tyrannidae Myiarchus crinitus)
- Great Horned Owl (Strigiformes Strigidae [Buboninae] Bubo virginianus)
- Green Heron (Ciconiiformes Ardeidae Butorides virescens)
- Hairy Woodpecker (Piciformes Picidae [Picinae] Picoides villosus)
- Hermit Thrush (Passeriformes Turdidae Catharus guttatus)
- Herring Gull (Charadriiformes Laridae [Larinae] Larus argentatus)
- Hooded Warbler (Passeriformes Parulidae Wilsonia citrina)
- House Finch (Passeriformes Fringillidae [Carduelinae] Carpodacus mexicanus)
- House Sparrow (Passeriformes Passeridae Passer domesticus)
- House Wren (Passeriformes Troglodytidae Trogiodytes aedon)
- Indigo Bunting (Passeriformes Emberizidae [Cardinalinae] Passerina cyanea)
- Kentucky Warbler (Passeriformes Parulidae Oporornis formosus)
- Killdeer (Charadriiformes Charadriidae Charadrius vociferus)
- Least Flycatcher (Passeriformes Tyrannidae Empidonax minimus)
- Louisiana Waterthrush (Passeriformes Parulidae Seiurus motacilla)
- Magnolia Warbler (Passeriformes Parulidae Dendroica magnolia)
- Mallard (Anseriformes Anatidae [Anatinae] Anas platyrhynchos)
- Mourning Dove (Columbiformes Columbidae Zenaida macroura)
- Mourning Warbler (Passeriformes Parulidae Oporornis philadelphia)
- Nashville Warbler (Passeriformes Parulidae Vermivora ruficapilla)
- Northern Cardinal (Passeriformes Emberizidae [Cardinalinae] Cardinalis cardinalis)
- Northern Flicker (Piciformes Picidae [Picinae] Colaptes auratus)
- Northern Mockingbird (Passeriformes Mimidae Mimus polyglottos)
- Northern Parula (Passeriformes Parulidae Parula americana)
- Northern Rough-winged Swallow (Passeriformes Hirundinidae [Hirundininae] Stelgidopteryx serripennis)
- Northern Waterthrush (Passeriformes Parulidae Seiurus noveboracensis)
- Orchard Oriole (Passeriformes Icteridae [Icterinae] Icterus spurius)
- Ovenbird (Passeriformes Parulidae Seiurus aurocapillus)
- Palm Warbler (Passeriformes Parulidae Dendroica palmarum)
- Philadelphia Vireo (Passeriformes Vireonidae [Veroninae] Vireo philadelphicus)
- Pileated Woodpecker (Piciformes Picidae [Picinae] Dryocopus pileatus)
- Pine Siskin (Passeriformes Fringillidae [Carduelinae] Carduelis pinus)
- Pine Warbler (Passeriformes Parulidae Dendroica pinus)
- Prairie Warbler (Passeriformes Parulidae Dendroica discolor)
- Prothonotary Warbler (Passeriformes Parulidae Protonotaria citrea)
- Purple Finch (Passeriformes Fringillidae [Carduelinae] Carpodacus purpureus)
- Purple Martin (Passeriformes Hirundinidae [Hirundininae] Progne subis)
- Red-bellied Woodpecker (Piciformes Picidae [Picinae] Melanerpes carolinus)
- Red-breasted Nuthatch (Passeriformes Sittidae [Sittinae] Sitta canadensis)
- Red-eyed Vireo (Passeriformes Vireonidae [Veroninae] Vireo olivaceus)
- Red-shouldered Hawk (Falconiformes Accipitridae Buteo lineatus)
- Red-tailed Hawk (Falconiformes Accipitridae Buteo jamaicensis)
- Red-winged Blackbird (Passeriformes Icteridae [Icterinae] Agelaius phoeniceus)
- Ring-billed Gull (Charadriiformes Laridae [Larinae] Larus delawarensis)
- Rock Dove (Columbiformes Columbidae Columba livia)
- Rose-breasted Grosbeak (Passeriformes Emberizidae [Cardinalinae] Pheucticus ludovicianus)
- Ruby-crowned Kinglet (Passeriformes Regulidae Regulus calendula)
- Ruby-throated Hummingbird (Apodiformes Trochilidae Archilochus colubris)
- Rusty Blackbird (Passeriformes Icteridae [Icterinae] Euphagus carolinus)
- Scarlet Tanager (Passeriformes Emberizidae [Thraupinae] Piranga olivacea)
- Sharp-shinned Hawk (Falconiformes Accipitridae Accipiteer striatus)
- Solitary Sandpiper (Charadriiformes Scolopacidae [Tringinae] Tringa solitaria)
- Song Sparrow (Passeriformes Emberizidae [Emberizinae] Melospiza melodia)
- Summer Tanager (Passeriformes Emberizidae [Thraupinae] Piranga rubra)
- Swainson's Thrush (Passeriformes Turdidae Catharus ustulatus)
- Swamp Sparrow (Passeriformes Emberizidae [Emberizinae] Melospiza georgiana)
- Tennessee Warbler (Passeriformes Parulidae Vermivora peregrina)
- Tree Swallow (Passeriformes Hirundinidae [Hirundininae] Tachycineta bicolor)
- Tufted Titmouse (Passeriformes Paridae Parus bicolor)
- Turkey Vulture (Falconiformes Cathartidae Cathartes aura)
- Veery (Passeriformes Turdidae Catharus fuscescens)
- Warbling Vireo (Passeriformes Vireonidae [Vireoninae] Vireo gilvus)
- Whip-poor-will (Caprimulgiformes Caprimulginidae [Caprimulginae] Caprimulgus vociferus)
- White-breasted Nuthatch (Passeriformes Sittidae [Sittinae] Sitta carolinensis)
- White-eyed Vireo (Passeriformes Vireonidae [Veroninae] Vireo griseus)
- White-throated Sparrow (Passeriformes Emberizidae [Emberizinae] Zonotrichia albicollis)
- Wild Turkey (Galliformes Meleagrididae Meleagris gallopavo)
- Winter Wren (Passeriformes Troglodytidae Troglodytes troglodytes)
- Wood Duck (Anseriformes Anatidae [Anatinae] Aix sponsa)
- Wood Thrush (Passeriformes Turdidae Hylocichla mustelina)
- Worm-eating Warbler (Passeriformes Parulidae Helmitheros vermivorus)
- Yellow-bellied Sapsucker (Piciformes Picidae [Picinae] Sphyrapicus varius)
- Yellow-billed Cuckoo (Cuculiformes Cuculidae [Phaenicophaeinae] Coccyzus americanus)
- Yellow-breasted Chat (Passeriformes Parulidae Icteria virens auricollis)
- Yellow-rumped Warbler (Passeriformes Parulidae Dendroica coronata)
- Yellow-throated Vireo (Passeriformes Vireonidae [Veroninae] Vireo flavifrons)
- Yellow Warbler (Passeriformes Parulidae Dendroica petechia)
Mammals
- Domestic Cat (Feral) (Carnivora Felidae [Felinae] Felix domesticus)
- Eastern Cottontail (Lagomorpha Leporidae Sylvilagus floridanus)
- Gray Fox (Carnivora Canidae Urocyon cinereoargenteus)
- Raccoon (Carnivora Procyonidae Procyon lotor)
- White-footed Mouse (Rodentia Muridae Peryomyscus leucopus)
- White-tailed Deer (Artiodactyla Cervidae Odocoileus virginianus)
Reptiles
- Eastern Box Turtle (Testudines Emydidae Terrapene carolina carolina)
- Five-lined Skink (Squamata Scincidae Eumeces fasciatus)
- Rough Green Snake (Squamata Colubridae Opheodrys aestivus)
Amphibians
- Green Frog (Anura Ranidae Rana clamitans melanota)
- Redback Salamander (Caudata Plethodontidae Plethodon cinereus)
- Spring Peeper (Anura Hylidae Pseudacris crucifer)
Fish
- Glassy Darter (Perciformes Percidae [Percoidei] Etheostoma vitreum)
Insects
- Blue Corporal Dragonfly (Odonata Libellulidae Libellula deplanata)
- Blue Dasher Dragonfly (Odonata Libellulidae Pachydiplax longipennis)
- Common Whitetail Dragonfly (Odonata Libellulidae Libellulia lydia)
- Dragonhunter Dragonfly (Odonata Gomphidae Hagenius brevistylus)
- Fall Cankerworm Moth (Lepidoptera Geometridae Alsophila pometaria)
- Great Blue Skimmer Dragonfly (Odonata Libellulidae Libellula vibrans)
- Gypsy Moth (Lepidoptera Lymantriidae Lymantria dispar)
- Gypsy Moth Parasitoid Wasp (Hymenoptera Encyrtidae Ooencyrtus kuvanae)
- Henry's Elfin Butterfly (Lepidoptera Lycaenidae Callophrys henrici)
- Luna Moth (Lepidoptera Saturniidae Actias luna)
- Meadow Fritillary Butterffly (Lepidoptera Nymphalidae Boloria bellona)
- Question Mark Butterfly (Lepidoptera Nymphalidae Polygonia interrogationis)
- Red-banded Hairstreak Butterfly (Lepidoptera Lycaenidae Calycopis cecrops)
- Red-spotted Purple Butterfly (Lepidoptera Limenitis arthemis astyanax)
- Six-spotted Green Tiger Beetle (Coleoptera Cicindelidae Cicindela sexguttata)
- Slaty Skimmer Dragonfly (Odonata Libellulidae Libellula incesta)
- Spring Azure Butterfly (Lepidoptera Lycaenidae Celastrina ladon pseudargiolus)
- Virginia Large-headed Tiger Beetle (Coleoptera Carabidae Megacephala virginica)
- Zabulon Skipper Butterfly (Lepidoptera Hesperiidae Poanes zabulon)
Arachnids
- Deer Tick (Acari Ixodidae Ixodes scapularis)
