Green Timbers Urban Forest
Set in the centre of the urban development of Surrey, one of the cities of Greater Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, is a forest.
Green Timbers Urban Forest consists of about a square mile of wooded area astride Fraser Highway and facing Mount Baker, just across the international border in Washington, USA.
Until 1929, people from a distance would come to see the 200-foot timber in this area. As early as 1860, attempts were made to have the region designated as a park. However, 5,000 acres were clear-cut, with the last giant trees falling in 1930, despite efforts to save them.
Reforestation was started in the same year. The Inaugural Plantation is still in existence. An arboretum of foreign trees -- Garry oak and Eastern white pine -- were added for experimental purposes. A forest nursery and forestry training and education centre were also established.
In 1987, the Green Timbers Heritage Society was formed in an effort to save an area that had been cleared for a sports complex. After eight years of lobbying, the area was designated as part of Green Timbers. A small lake and wetland were added to this clearing by deepening and broadening King Creek. Hundreds of trees, including about thirty indigenous plant species new to the forest, have been planted in this area. Today, Green Timbers and the adjacent Ministry of Forests cover 560 acres.
We would like to thank Wady Lehmann of the Green Timbers Heritage Society for the information that he has given to us for this section. Our family has enjoyed numerous visits to this quiet and peaceful forest, where we can enjoy nature while shutting out the city traffic all around us. We hope that others will enjoy going there as well and will do their part in helping to keep the forest beautiful.
Throughout the Forest are numerous trails.
Affiliated with the Forest is the Arboretum.
External Links:
These pictures were not taken by us, but by other persons.
See Picture 1.
See Picture Set. (Used by permission of City of Surrey.)
See Map. (Used by permission of City of Surrey.)
Flora
- Common Name (Order Family Genus species); Color, height cm / in
Coniferous Trees
- Douglas Fir (Coniferales Pinaceae Pseudotsuga menziesii)
- Grand Fir (Coniferales Pinaceae Abies grandis)
- Sitka Spruce (Coniferales Pinaceae Picea sitchensis)
- Western Hemlock (Coniferales Pinaceae Tsuga heterophylia)
- Western Redcedar (Coniferales Cupressaceae Thuja plicata)
- Western White Pine (Coniferales Pinaceae Pinus monticola)
- Western Yew (Taxales Taxaceae Taxus brevifolia)
Deciduous Trees
- Bitter Cherry (Rosales Rosaceae Prunus emarginata)
- Black Cottonwood (Salicales Salicaceae Populus trichocarpa)
- Broadleaf Maple (Sapindales Aceraceae Acer macrophyllum)
- Cascara Buckthorn (Sagrada) (Rhamnales Rhamnaceae Rhamnus purshiana)
- Garry Oak (Fagales Fagaceae Quercus garryana)
- Pacific Dogwood (Cornales Cornaceae Cornus nuttallii)
- Red Alder (Fagales Betulaceae Alnus rubra)
- Scouler's Willow (Salicales Saliaceae Salix scoulerana)
- Vine Maple (Sapindales Aceraceae Acer circinatum)
- White Birch (Fagales Betulaceae Betula pubescens)
Shrubs
- Black Twinberry (Dipsacales Caprifoliaceae Lonicera involucrata); Yellow
- Common Wild Rose (Rosales Rosaceae Rosa acicularis); Pink with white centre
- Devil's Club (Umbellales Araliaceae Oplopanax horridus); Greenish-white
- Dwarf Rose (Rosales Rosaceae Rosa gymnocarpa); Pink
- False Azalea (Ericales Ericaceae Menziesia ferruginea); Copper
- Falsebox (Celastrales Celastraceae Pachistima myrsinites); Red
- Hardback (Rosales Rosaceae Spiraea douglasii); Pinkish
- Hawthorn (Rosales Rosaceae Crataegus oxyacantha); White or light pink
- Hazlenut (Fagales Betulaceae Corylus americana); Yellow
- Huckleberry (Ericales Ericaceae Vaccinium parvifolium); Yellowish-pink or white
- Indian Plum (Rosales Rosaceae Oemleria cerasiformis); White
- Mountain Ash (Rosales Rosaceae Pyrus acuparia); White
- Ninebark (Rosales Rosaceae Physocarpus opulifolius); White
- Oregon Grape (Ranunculales Berberidaceae Berberis aquifolium); Yellow
- Oval-leaved Blueberry (Ericales Ericaceae Vaccinium ovalifolium); Blue
- Pacific Crabapple (Rosales Rosaceae Malus fusca); White to pink
- Salal (Ericales Ericaceae Gaultheria shallon); Pink-white
- Salmonberry (Rosales Rosaceae Rubus chamaemorus); Red
- Saskatoon Berry (Rosales Rosaceae Amelachier alnifolia); White
- Snowberry (Dipsacales Caprifoliaceae Symphoricarpos albus); Pinkish-white
- Stink Currant (Rosales Saxifragaceae Ribes bracteosum); White
- Thimbleberry (Rosales Rosaceae Rubus parviflorus); White
- Trailing Blackberry (Rosales Rosaceae Rubus ursinus); White
Flowers
- Bleeding Heart (Papaverales Fumariaceae Dicentra eximia); Pink, 20-40 cm / 8-16 in
- Bunchberry (Cornales Cornaceae Cornus canadensis); White, 7.5-12 cm / 3-8 in
- Common Mullein (Scrophulariales Scropulariaceae Verbascum thapsus); Bright yellow, to 180 cm / 72 in
- Coral-root Orchid (Orchidales Orchidaceae Corallorhiza maculata); Reddish-purple, 12-27 cm / 8-18 in
- Fireweed (Myrtales Onagraceae Epilobium angustifolium); Rose-purple, to 240 cm / 96 in
- Foamflower (Rosales Saxifragaceae Tiarella cordifolia); White, 15-50 cm / 6-20 in
- Foxglove (Scrophulariales Scropulariaceae Digitalis purpurea); Purple-pink or white, 150 cm / 60 in
- Indian Pipe (Ericales Ericaceae Monotropa uniflora); Colourless, 10-25 cm/ 4-10 in
- Rattlesnake Plantain (Orchidales Orchidaceae Goodyera pubescens); Whitish-green, 15-35 cm / 6-14 in
- Twistedstick (Liliales Liliaceae Streptopus amplexifolius); Creamy, 36-108 cm / 12-36 in
- Vanilla Leaf (Ranunculales Berberidaceae Achlys triphylla); White, 25-40 cm / 10-16 in
- Wild Lily-of-the-Valley (Liliales Liliaceae Maianthemum dilatatum); White, 10-25 cm / 4-10 in
- Wood (Western) Trillium (Liliales Liliaceae Trillium ovatum); White or pink, 15-60 in
Wetland Plants
- Cat-tail Bulrush (Typhales Typhaceae Typha latifolia); Brown, 120-210 cm / 10-84 in
- Scouring Rush (Equisetales Equisetaceae Equisetum hyemale); Green, 30-90 cm / 12-36 in
- Sedge (Cyperales Cyperaceae ??);
- Skunk Cabbage (Arales Araceae Lysichitum americanum); Yellow, 15-60 cm / 6-24 in
- Slough Rush (Juncales Juncaceae Juncus effusus)
- Water Plantain (Alismatales Alismataceae Alisma triviale); 60-120 cm / 24-48 in
Ferns
- Bracken Fern (Polypodiales Polypodiaceae Pteridium aquilinum); 60-180 cm / 24-72 in
- Deer Fern (Polypodiales Polypodiaceae Blechnum spicant); 30-90 cm / 12-36 in
- Lady Fern (Polypodiales Polypodiaceae Athyrium filix-femina); 60-120 cm / 24-48 in
- Licorice Fern (Polypodiales Polypodiaceae Polypodium glycyrrhiza); 5-30 cm / 2-12 in
- Spiny Wood Fern (Dryopteridales Dryopteridaceae Dryopteris expansa); to 90 cm / 36 in
- Sword Fern (Polypodiales Polypodiaceae Polystichum munitum); 30-90 cm / 12-36 in
Mosses
- Cat-tail Moss (Hookerales Lembophyllaceae Isothecium myosuroides)
- Haircap Moss (Polytrichales Polytrichaceae Polytrichum commune)
Lichens
- The specific species have not been identified.
Fungi
- There are yellow jelly fungus, bracket fungus, and mushrooms. However, the specific species have not been identified.
Fauna