Nerstrand Big Woods State Park
The park is made up of one of the last remnants of Big Woods vegetation along with rolling hills and valleys, traversed by Prairie Creek and its waterfalls. In 1854, the original woods contained about 5,000 acres. The early settlers set up a series of small woodlots in the centre of the Big Woods. During the 1930s, major clearcutting was done on several hundred acres of the park. In the late 1930s and the early 1940s, many people tried to protect the area and to preserve it as a state park. By 1945, the State Department of Conservation had acquired much of the 1,280 acres and Big Woods was established by the State Legislature.
Within the park is an 80-acre farm, owned by the state and leased to a family who live and operate a rotational grazing dairy farm. Farming at Big Woods Dairy includes no row crops or pesticides. The only fertilizer is the manure left by cows. Cows graze in pastures divided by movable electric fences. By rotating the herd through divided pastures or paddocks, no area is over-grazed or trampled. This is the only modern working dairy farm in a state park in the US.
See map of the park.
We would like to thank Shawn Fritcher, Parks Southeast Area Resource Specialist, Rice Lake State Park, and Joni Liljedahl, Information Consultant, DNR Information Center, Information and Education Bureau, Department of Natural Resources, State of Minnesota, for information provided for this page.
Flora
- Common Name (Order Family Genus species)
Trees and Shrubs
- Alternate-leaved Dogwood (Cornales Cornaceae Cornus alternifolia)
- American Elder (Dipsacales Caprifoliaceae Sambucus canadensis)
- American Elm (Urticales Ulmaceae Ulmus americana)
- American Hazelnut (Fagales Betulaceae Corylus americana)
- Apple (Rosales Rosaceae Malus ioensis) (Prunus ioenis)
- Balsam-Poplar (Salicales Salicaceae Populus balsamifera)
- Basswood (Malvales Tiliaceae Tilia americana)
- Beaked Willow (Salicales Salicaceae Salix bebbiana)
- Bitternut Hickory (Juglandales Juglandaceae Carya cordiformis)
- Black Ash (Gentianales Oleaceae Fraxinus nigra)
- Black Cherry (Rosales Rosaceae Prunus serotina)
- Black Locust (Fabales Fabaceae (Leguminosae) Robinia pseudoacacia)
- Black Walnut (Juglandales Juglandaceae Juglans nigra)
- Box-Elder (Sapindales Aceraceae Acer negundo)
- Bur Oak (Fagales Fagaceae Quercus macrocarpa)
- Bush Honeysuckle (Dipsacales Caprifoliaceae Diervilla lonicera)
- Butternut (Juglandales Juglandaceae Juglandaceae Juglans cinerea)
- Choke Cherry (Rosales Rosaceae Prunus virginiana)
- Cottonwood (Salicales Salicaceae Populus deltoides)
- Downy Hawthorn (Rosales Rosaceae Crataegus mollis)
- Dune Willow (Salicales Salicaceae Salix cordata)
- Green Ash (Gentianales Oleaceae Fraxinus pennsylvanica)
- Green Ash (Gentianales Oleaceae Fraxinus pennsylvanica subintegerrima)
- Hawthorn (Rosales Rosaceae Crataegus spp.)
- Hornbeam Blue Beech (Fagales Betulaceae Carpinus caroliniana)
- Ironwood (Fagales Betulaceae Ostrya virginiana)
- Large Pussy-willow (Salicales Salicaceae Salix discolor)
- Large-toothed Aspen (Salicales Salicaceae Populus grandidentata)
- Marsh Elder (Asterales Asteraceae (Compositae) Iva xanthifolia)
- Meadow Willow (Salicales Salicaceae Salix gracilis)
- Northern Pin Oak (Fagales Fagaceae Quercus ellipsoidalis)
- Norway Pine (Coniferales Pinaceae Pinus resinosa)
- Pale Dogwood (Cornales Cornaceae Cornus amomum schuetzeana)
- Panicled Dogwood (Cornales Cornaceae Cornus racemosa)
- Peach-leaved Willow (Salicales Salicaceae Salix amygdaloides)
- Pin-cherry (Rosales Rosaceae Prunus pensylvanica)
- Prickly Ash (Sapindales Rutaceae Zanthoxylum americanum)
- Quaking Aspen (Salicales Salicaceae Populus tremuloides)
- Red Oak (Fagales Fagaceae Quercus rubra)
- Red Osier Dogwood (Cornales Cornaceae Cornus sericea)
- Red Osier Dogwood (Cornales Cornaceae Cornus stolonifera)
- Red-berried Elder (Dipsacales Caprifoliaceae Sambucus pubens)
- Rock Elm (Urticales Ulmaceae Ulmus thomasii)
- Round-leaved Dogwood (Cornales Cornaceae Cornus rugosa)
- Slippery Elm (Urticales Ulmaceae Ulmus rubra)
- Smooth Sumac (Sapindales Anacardiaceae Rhus glabra)
- Sugar Maple (Sapindales Aceraceae Acer saccharum)
- Upland Willow (Salicales Salicaceae Salix humilis)
- White Hawthorn (Rosales Rosaceae Crataegus punctata)
- White Oak (Fagales Fagaceae Quercus alba)
- Wild Honeysuckle (Dipsacales Caprifoliaceae Lonicera dioica)
- Wild Honeysuckle (Dipsacales Caprifoliaceae Lonicera dioica glaucescens)
- Wild Plum (Rosales Rosaceae Prunus americana)
Forbs
- Agrimony (Rosales Rosaceae Agrimonia striata)
- Alsike Clover (Fabales Fabaceae (Leguminosae) Trifolium hybridum)
- American Brooklime (Scrophulariales Scrophulariaceae Veronica americana)
- American Hog Peanut (Fabales Fabaceae (Leguminosae) Amphicarpaea bracteata comosa)
- American Nightshade (Polemoniales Solanaceae Solanum americanum)
- American Vetch (Fabales Fabaceae (Leguminosae) Vicia americana)
- Arrow-leaved Aster (Asterales Asteraceae (Compositae) Aster sagittifolius Wedemeyer)
- Beggar Ticks (Asterales Asteraceae (Compositae) Bidens frondosa)
- Biennial Wormwood (Asterales Asteraceae (Compositae) Artemisia biennis)
- Black Raspberry (Rosales Rosaceae Rubus occidentalis)
- Black Snakeroot (Umbellales Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) Sanicula marilandica)
- Black-eyed Susan (Asterales Asteraceae (Compositae) Rudbeckia hirta pulcherrima)
- Bladder Campion (Caryophyllales Caryophyllaceae Silene latifolia)
- Bladdernut (Sapindales Staphyleaceae Staphylea trifolia)
- Bloodroot (Papaverales Papaveraceae Sanguinaria canadensis)
- Blue Cohosh (Ranunculales Berberidaceae Caulophyllum thalictroides)
- Blue Flag Iris (Liliales Iridaceae Iris versicolor)
- Blue Lettuce (Asterales Asteraceae (Compositae) Lactuca biennis)
- Blue Vervain (Lamiales Lamiaceae (Labiatae) Verbenaceae Verbena hastata)
- Blue-eyed Grass (Liliales Iridaceae Sisyrinchium campestre)
- Boneset (Asterales Asteraceae (Compositae) Eupatorium perfoliatum)
- Broad-leaved Arrowhead (Alismatales Alismataceae Sagittaria latifolia)
- Butter-and-Eggs (Scrophulariales Scrophulariaceae Linaria vulgaris)
- Calico Aster (Asterales Asteraceae (Compositae) Aster lateriflorus)
- Catnip (Lamiales Lamiaceae (Labiatae) Nepeta cataria)
- Canada Anemone (Ranunculales Ranunculaceae Anemone canadensis)
- Canada Goldenrod (Asterales Asteraceae (Compositae) Solidago canadensis)
- Canada Hawkweed (Asterales Asteraceae (Compositae) Hieracium canadense)
- Canada Milk Vetch (Fabales Fabaceae (Leguminosae) Astragalus canadensis)
- Canada Moonseed (Ranunculales Menispermaceae Menispermum canadense)
- Canada Thistle (Caryophyllales Portulacaceae Asteraceae Cirsium arvense)
- Carrion-flower (Liliales Liliaceae Smilax herbacea)
- Carrion-flower (Liliales Liliaceae Smilax herbacea lasioneuron)
- Chickweed (Caryophyllales Caryophyllaceae Stellaria longifolia)
- Cleavers (Rubiales Rubiaceae Galium aparine)
- Climbing Bittersweet (Celastrales Celastraceae Celastrus scandens)
- Clustered Snakeroot (Umbellales Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) Sanicula gregaria)
- Common Blackberry (Rosales Rosaceae Rubus allegheniensis)
- Common Burdock (Asterales Asteraceae (Compositae) Arctium minus)
- Common Cattail (Typhales Typhaceae Typha latifolia)
- Common Cinquefoil (Rosales Rosaceae Potentilla simplex)
- Common Dandelion (Asterales Asteraceae (Compositae) Taraxacum officinale)
- Common Evening Primrose (Myrtales Onagraceae Oenothera biennis)
- Common Fleabane (Asterales Asteraceae (Compositae) Erigeron philadelphicus)
- Common Milkweed (Gentianales Asclepiadaceae Asclepias syriaca)
- Common Mullein (Scrophulariales Scrophulariaceae Verbascum thapsus)
- Common Poison Ivy (Sapindales Anacardiaceae Toxicodendron radicans)
- Common Ragweed (Asterales Asteraceae (Compositae) Ambrosia artemisiifolia)
- Cow-parsnip (Umbellales Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) Heracleum lanatum)
- Cream Gentian (Gentianales Gentianaceae Gentiana flavida)
- Culver's Root (Scrophulariales Scrophulariaceae Veronicastrum virginicum)
- Cup-plant (Asterales Asteraceae (Compositae) Silphium perfoliatum)
- Curled Dock (Polygonales Polygonaceae Rumex crispus)
- Cut-leaved Toothwort (Capparales Brassicaceae (Cruciferae) Cardamine concatenata
- Cutleaf Toothwort (Capparales Brassicaceae (Cruciferae) Dentaria laciniata)
- Daisy Fleabane (Asterales Asteraceae (Compositae) Erigeron annuus)
- Ditch Stonecrop (Rosales Crassulaceae Penthorum sedoides)
- Dotted Smartweed (Polygalales Polygonaceae Polygonum punctatum)
- Downy Arrowwood (Dipsacales Caprifoliaceae Viburnum rafinesquianum affine)
- Downy Arrowwood (Dipsacales Caprifoliaceae Viburnum rafinesquianum)
- Downy Rattlesnake Plantain (Orchidales Orchidaceae Goodyera pubescens)
- Downy Yellow Violet (Violales Violaceae Viola pubescens)
- Duckweed (Arales Lemnaceae Spirodela polyrhiza)
- Dutchman's Breeches (Papaverales Fumariaceae Dicentra cucullaria)
- Dwarf Blackberry (Rosales Rosaceae Rubus pubescens)
- Dwarf Clearweed (Urticales Urticaceae Pilea pumila)
- Dwarf Trout-lily (Liliales Liliaceae Erythronium propullans)
- Early Meadow-Rue (Ranunculales Ranunculaceae Thalictrumdioicum)
- Enchanter's Nightshade (Myrtales Onagraceae Circaea canadensis)
- Enchanter's Nightshade (Myrtales Onagraceae Circaea quadrisulcata)
- False Dragonhead (Lamiales Lamiaceae (Labiatae) Physostegia virginiana)
- False Solomon's-seal (Liliales Liliaceae Smilacina racemosa)
- False Indigo (Fabales Fabaceae (Leguminosae) Amorpha fruticosa)
- Feverwort (Dipsacales Caprifoliaceae Triosteum perfoliatum)
- Fireweed (Asterales Asteraceae (Compositae) Erechtites hieracifolia)
- False Rue Anemone (Ranunculales Ranunculaceae Isopyrum biternatum)
- Firecracker (Primulales Primulaceae Lysimachia ciliata)
- Fragrant Bedstraw (Rubiales Rubiaceae Galium triflorum)
- Fringed Loosestrife (Primulales Primulaceae Steironema ciliatum)
- Giant Hyssop (Lamiales Lamiaceae (Labiatae) Agastache nepetoides)
- Ginseng (Ariales Araliaceae Panax quinquefolius)
- Golden Alexander (Umbellales Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) Zizia aurea)
- Great Lobelia (Campanulales Campanulaceae Lobelia siphilitica)
- Great Ragweed (Asterales Asteraceae (Compositae) Ambrosia trifida)
- Great St. Johns Wort (Umbellales Hypericaceae Hypericum pyramidatum)
- Great Willow-herb Fireweed (Myrtales Onagraceae Epilobium angustifolium)
- Greek Valerian (Polemoniales Polemoniaceae Polemonium reptans)
- Green-headed Coneflower (Poales Gramineae (Poaceae) Rudbeckia laciniata)
- Gromwell (Polemoniales Boraginaceae Lithospermum latifolium)
- Groundnut (Fabales Fabaceae (Leguminosae) Apios americana)
- Grove Sandwort (Caryophyllales Caryophyllaceae Arenaria lateriflora)
- Guelder-rose (Dipsacales Caprifoliaceae Viburnum Opulus)
- Hackberry (Urticales Ulmaceae Celtis occidentalis)
- Hairy Rock Cress (Capparales Brassicaceae (Cruciferae) Arabis hirsuta pycnocarpa)
- Hairy Sunflower (Asterales Asteraceae (Compositae) Helianthus hirsutus)
- Hairy Sweet Cicely (Umbellales Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) Osmorhiza claytonii)
- Hare Figwort (Scrophulariales Scrophulariaceae Scrophularia lanceolata)
- Hazel Dodder (Polemoniales Convolvulaceae Cuscuta coryli)
- Heal-All (Self-Heal) (Lamiales Lamiaceae (Labiatae) Prunella vulgaris lanceolata)
- Heart-leaved Aster (Asterales Asteraceae (Compositae) Aster cordifolius)
- Hedge Bindweed (Polemoniales Convolvulaceae Convolvulus sepium)
- Hedge Mustard (Capparales Brassicaceae (Cruciferae) Sisymbrium officinale)
- Hedge Nettle (Lamiales Lamiaceae (Labiatae) Stachys palustris)
- Hispid Buttercup (Ranunculales Ranunculaceae Ranunculus hispidus caricetorum)
- Hispid Buttercup (Ranunculales Ranunculaceae Ranunculus hispidus nitidus)
- Hog Peanut (Fabales Fabaceae (Leguminosae) Amphicarpaea bracteata bracteata)
- Honewort (Umbellales Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) Cryptotaenia canadensis)
- Hops (Urticales Moraceae Humulus americana)
- Horseweed (Asterales Asteraceae (Compositae) Conyza canadensis)
- Indian-pipe (Lamiales Lamiaceae (Labiatae) Monotropa uniflora)
- Jack-in-the-Pulpit (Arales Araceae Arisaema atrorubens)
- Jerusalem Artichoke (Asterales Asteraceae (Compositae) Helianthus tuberosus)
- Lady's Thumb (Polygalales Polygonaceae Polygonum persicaria)
- Large-flowered Bellwort (Liliales Liliaceae Uvularia grandiflora)
- Larger Yellow Ladyslipper (Orchidales Orchidaceae Cypripedium calceolus pubescens)
- Late Goldenrod (Asterales Asteraceae (Compositae) Solidago gigantea)
- Lesser Daisy-Fleabane (Asterales Asteraceae (Compositae) Erigeron strigosus)
- Long-bracted Orchid (Orchidales Orchidaceae Habenaria viridis bracteata)
- Lopseed (Scrophulariales Phrymaceae Phryma leptostachya)
- Mad-dog Skullcap (Lamiales Lamiaceae (Labiatae) Scutellaria lateriflora)
- Marsh Marigold (Ranunculales Ranunculaceae Caltha palustris)
- Mayapple (Ranunculales Berberidaceae Podophyllum peltatum)
- Mayweed (Asterales Asteraceae (Compositae) Anthemis cotula)
- Missouri Gooseberry (Rosales Saxifragaceae Ribes missouriense)
- Michigan Lily (Liliales Liliaceae Lilium michiganense)
- Motherwort (Lamiales Lamiaceae (Labiatae) Leonurus cardiaca)
- Nannyberry (Dipsacales Caprifoliaceae Viburnum lentago)
- New England Aster (Asterales Asteraceae (Compositae) Aster novae-angliae)
- New Jersey Tea (Rhamnales Rhamnaceae Ceanothus americanus)
- Nipplewort (Asterales Asteraceae (Compositae) Lapsana communis)
- Nodding Bur Marigold (Asterales Asteraceae (Compositae) Bidens cernua)
- Nodding Trillium (Liliales Liliaceae Trillium cernuum)
- Northern Bedstraw (Rubiales Rubiaceae Galium boreale)
- Northern Bugleweed (Lamiales Lamiaceae (Labiatae) Lycopus uniflorus)
- Northern Pussytoes (Asterales Asteraceae (Compositae) Antennaria neodioica)
- Northern Willow-herb (Myrtales Onagraceae Epilobium glandulosum adenocaulon)
- One-sided Wintergreen (Ericales Pyrolaceae Pyrola secunda)
- Orange-Fruited Wild Coffee (Dipsacales Caprifoliaceae Triosteum aurantiacum)
- Ox-eye (Asterales Asteraceae (Compositae) Heliopsis helianthoides)
- Pale Plantain (Scrophulariales Plantaginaceae Plantago rugelii)
- Pale Touch-Me-Not (Geraniales Balsaminaceae Impatiens pallida)
- Pale Vetchling (Fabales Fabaceae (Leguminosae) Lathyrus ochroleucus)
- Panicled Aster (Asterales Asteraceae (Compositae) Aster lanceolatus simplex)
- Pennsylvania Bittercress (Capparales Brassicaceae (Cruciferae) Cardamine pensylvanica)
- Peppergrass (Capparales Brassicaceae (Cruciferae) Lepidium densiflorum)
- Pigweed (Caryophyllales Amaranthaceae Amaranthus retroflexus)
- Plantain (Scrophulariales Plantaginaceae Plantago major)
- Plantain-leaved Pussytoes (Asterales Asteraceae (Compositae) Antennaria plantaginifolia)
- Pointed-leaved Tick Trefoil (Fabales Fabaceae (Leguminosae) Desmodium glutinosum)
- Poison Ivy (Sapindales Anacardiaceae Rhus radicans)
- Poke Milkweed (Gentianales Asclepiadaceae Asclepias exaltata)
- Prickly Gooseberry (Rosales Saxifragaceae Ribes cynosbati)
- Prostrate Knotweed (Polygalales Polygonaceae Polygonum aviculare)
- Purple Meadow-Rue (Ranunculales Ranunculaceae Thalictrumdasycarpum)
- Putty-root (Orchidales Orchidaceae Aplectrum hyemale)
- Rattlesnake-root (Asterales Asteraceae (Compositae) Prenanthes alba)
- Red Baneberry (Ranunculales Ranunculaceae Actaea rubra)
- Red Clover (Fabales Fabaceae (Leguminosae) Trifolium pratense)
- Red Raspberry (Rosales Rosaceae Rubus strigosus strigosus)
- Riverbank Grape (Rhamnales Vitaceae Vitis riparia)
- Rough Alumroot (Rosales Saxifragaceae) Heuchera richardsonii)
- Rough Bugleweed (Lamiales Lamiaceae (Labiatae) Lycopus asper)
- Rough Cinquefoil (Rosales Rosaceae Potentilla norvegica hirsuta)
- Rue-Anemone (Ranunculales Ranunculaceae Anemonella thalictroides)
- Sand Cherry (Rosales Rosaceae Malus pumila) (Prunus pumila)
- Saw-leaf Mugwort (Asterales Asteraceae (Compositae) Artemisia serrata)
- Sawtooth Sunflower (Asterales Asteraceae (Compositae) Helianthus grosseserratus)
- Sharp-lobed Hepatica (Ranunculales Ranunculaceae Hepatica acutiloba)
- Shining Bedstraw (Rubiales Rubiaceae Galium concinnum)
- Shinleaf (Ericales Pyrolaceae Pyrola elliptica)
- Shepherd's Purse (Capparales Brassicaceae (Cruciferae) Capsella bursa-pastoris)
- Showy Orchis (Orchidales Orchidaceae Orchis spectabilis)
- Showy Tick Trefoil (Fabales Fabaceae (Leguminosae) Desmodium canadense)
- Small Juneberry (Rosales Rosaceae Amelanchier humilis)
- Smooth Rose (Rosales Rosaceae Rosa blanda)
- Sneezeweed (Asterales Asteraceae (Compositae) Helenium autumnale)
- Solomon's Seal (Liliales Liliaceae Polygonatum commutatum)
- Spikenard (Ariales Araliaceae Aralia racemosa)
- Spotted Joe-Pye Weed (Asterales Asteraceae (Compositae) Eupatorium maculatum)
- Spotted Touch-me-not (Geraniales Balsaminaceae Impatiens capensis)
- Spreading Dogbane (Gentianales Apocynaceae Apocynum androsaemifolium)
- Spring Cress (Capparales Brassicaceae (Cruciferae) Cardamine bulbosa)
- Spring-beauty (Caryophyllales Portulacaceae Claytonia virginica)
- Squared-stemmed Monkey-flower (Scrophulariales Scrophulariaceae Mimulus ringens)
- Starry Campion (Caryophyllales Caryophyllaceae Silene stellata)
- Starry False Solomon's-Seal (Liliales Liliaceae Smilacina stellata)
- Stickseed (Polemoniales Boraginaceae Hackelia americana)
- Stiff Marsh Bedstraw (Rubiales Rubiaceae Galium tinctorium)
- Stinging Nettle (Urticales Urticaceae Urtica dioica)
- Sweet Everlasting (Asterales Asteraceae (Compositae) Gnaphalium obtusifolium)
- Sweet Joe-Pye Weed (Asterales Asteraceae (Compositae) Eupatorium purpureum)
- Tall Thimbleweed (Ranunculales Ranunculaceae Anemone riparia)
- Thimbleweed (Ranunculales Ranunculaceae Anemone virginiana)
- Three-seeded Mercury (Euphorbiales Euphorbiaceae Acalypha rhomboidea)
- Water-Plantain (Alismatales Alismataceae Alisma subcordatum)
- Water-Plantain (Alismatales Alismataceae Alisma triviale)
- Wild Columbine (Ranunculales Ranunculaceae Aquilegia canadensis)
- Wild Garlic (Liliales Liliaceae Allium canadense)
- Wild Ginger (Aristolochiales Aristolochiaceae Asarum canadense)
- Wild Leek (Liliales Liliaceae Allium tricoccum)
- Wild Sarsaparilla (Umbellales Araliaceae Aralia nudicaulis)
- Wood Anemone (Ranunculales Ranunculaceae Anemone quinquefolia bifolia)
- Woolly Yarrow (Asterales Asteraceae (Compositae) Achillea lanulosa)
- Yarrow (Asterales Asteraceae (Compositae) Achillea Millefolium)
- Tall Beggar Ticks (Asterales Asteraceae (Compositae) Bidens vulgata)
- Tall Bellflower (Campanulales Campanulaceae Campanula americana)
- Tall Goldenrod (Asterales Asteraceae (Compositae) Solidago altissima)
- Tall Thistle (Asterales Asteraceae (Compositae) Cirsium altissimum)
- Upright Smilax (Liliales Liliaceae Smilax ecirrata)
- Virginia Creeper (Rhamnales Vitaceae Parthenocissus inserta)
- Virginia Creeper (Rhamnales Vitaceae Parthenocissus quinquefolia)
- Virginia Mountain Mint (Lamiales Lamiaceae (Labiatae) Pycnanthemum virginianum)
- Virginia Stickseed (Polemoniales Boraginaceae Hackelia virginiana)
- Virginia Waterleaf (Polemoniales Hydrophyllaceae Hydrophyllum virginianum)
- Virgin's Bower (Ranunculales Ranunculaceae Clematis virginiana)
- Wahoo Burning Bush (Celastrales Celastraceae Euonymus atropurpureus)
- Water Horehound (Lamiales Lamiaceae (Labiatae) Lycopus americanus)
- Water-hemlock (Umbellales Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) Cicuta maculata)
- White Avens (Rosales Rosaceae Geum canadense)
- White Clover (Fabales Fabaceae (Leguminosae) Trifolium repens)
- White Snakeroot (Asterales Asteraceae (Compositae) Eupatorium rugosum)
- White Sweet Clover (Fabales Fabaceae (Leguminosae) Melilotus alba)
- White Trout-lily (Liliales Liliaceae Erythronium albidum)
- White Vervain (Lamiales Lamiaceae (Labiatae) Verbenaceae Verbena urticifolia)
- Wild Bergamot (Lamiales Lamiaceae (Labiatae) Monarda fistulosa mollis)
- Wild Black Currant (Rosales Saxifragaceae Ribes americanum)
- Wild Blue Phlox (Polemoniales Polemoniaceae Phlox divaricata laphamii)
- Wild Cucumber (Violales Cucurbitaceae Echinocystis lobata)
- Wild Geranium (Geraniales Geraniaceae Geranium maculatum)
- Wild Germander (Lamiales Lamiaceae (Labiatae) Teucrium canadense virginicum)
- Wild Lettuce (Asterales Asteraceae (Compositae) Lactuca canadensis)
- Wild Lily-of-the-Valley (Liliales Liliaceae Maianthemum canadense interius)
- Wild Mint (Lamiales Lamiaceae (Labiatae) Mentha arvensis)
- Wild Strawberry (Rosales Rosaceae Fragaria virginiana)
- Wild Yam (Dioscoreales Dioscoreaceae Dioscorea villosa)
- Wood Betony (Scrophulariales Scrophulariaceae Pedicularis canadensis)
- Wood Nettle (Urticales Urticaceae Laportea canadensis)
- Woods Strawberry (Rosales Rosaceae Fragaria vesca americana)
- Woolly Blue Violet (Violales Violaceae Viola sororia)
- Yellow Ladyslipper (Orchidales Orchidaceae Cypripedium calceolus)
- Yellow Avens (Rosales Rosaceae Geum aleppicum strictum)
- Yellow Cress (Capparales Brassicaceae (Cruciferae) Rorippa islandica fernaldiana)
- Yellow Goat's Beard (Asterales Asteraceae (Compositae) Tragopogon dubius)
- Yellow Sweet Clover (Fabales Fabaceae (Leguminosae) Melilotus officinalis)
- Yellow Wood Sorrel (Geraniales Oxalidaceae Oxalis stricta)
- Zig-zag Goldenrod (Asterales Asteraceae (Compositae) Solidago flexicaulis)
Grasses, Sedges, and Rushes
- Black-fruited Mountain-rice (Poales Gramineae (Poaceae) Oryzopsis racemosa)
- Bladder Sedge (Cyperales Cyperaceae Carex intumescens)
- Bottle-Brush Grass (Poales Gramineae (Poaceae) Elymus hystrix)
- Canada Bluegrass (Poales Gramineae (Poaceae) Poa" compressa)
- Canada Wild Rye (Poales Gramineae (Poaceae) Elymus canadensis)
- Cocklebur (Poales Gramineae (Poaceae) Xanthium strumarium glabratum)
- Downy Brome-Grass (Poales Gramineae (Poaceae) Bromus pubescens)
- Fowl Meadow-Grass (Poales Gramineae (Poaceae) Poa palustris)
- Foxtail Barley (Poales Gramineae (Poaceae) Hordeum jubatum)
- Graceful Sedge (Cyperales Cyperaceae Carex gracillima)
- Green Foxtail (Poales Gramineae (Poaceae) Setaria viridis)
- Hitchcock's Sedge (Cyperales Cyperaceae Carex hitchcockiana)
- Kentucky Bluegrass (Poales Gramineae (Poaceae) Poa pratensis)
- Long-beaked Sedge (Cyperales Cyperaceae Carex sprengelii)
- Long-stalked Sedge (Cyperales Cyperaceae Carex pedunculata)
- Marsh Muhly (Poales Gramineae (Poaceae) Muhlenbergia racemosa)
- Mexican Muhly (Poales Gramineae (Poaceae) Muhlenbergia mexicana)
- Mosquito Bulrush (Cyperales Cyperaceae) Scirpus atrovirens georgianus)
- Nodding Fescue (Poales Gramineae (Poaceae) Festuca obtusa)
- Nodding Fescue (Poales Gramineae (Poaceae) Festuca subverticillata
- Northern Shorthusk (Poales Gramineae (Poaceae) Brachyelytrum erectum septentrionale)
- Orchard Grass (Poales Gramineae (Poaceae) Dactylis glomerata)
- Pennsylvania Sedge (Cyperales Cyperaceae Carex pensylvanica)
- Pointed Broom Sedge (Cyperales Cyperaceae Carex scoparia)
- Prairie Cord Grass (Poales Gramineae (Poaceae) Spartina pectinata)
- Prairie Wedge Grass (Poales Gramineae (Poaceae) Sphenopholis obtusata major)
- Pubescent Sedge (Cyperales Cyperaceae Carex hirtifolia)
- Purple Lovegrass (Poales Gramineae (Poaceae) Eragrostis pectinacea)
- Quack Grass (Poales Gramineae (Poaceae) Agropyron repens)
- Quack Grass (Poales Gramineae (Poaceae) Elytrigia repens)
- Reed Canary-Grass (Poales Gramineae (Poaceae) Phalaris arundinacea)
- Reed Grass (Poales Gramineae (Poaceae) Phragmites australis)
- Rolled Sedge (Cyperales Cyperaceae Carex convoluta)
- Rose Sedge (Cyperales Cyperaceae Carex rosea)
- Rough Barnyard Grass (Poales Gramineae (Poaceae) Echinochloa muricata microstachya)
- Short-awn Foxtail (Poales Gramineae (Poaceae) Alopecurus aequalis)
- Slender Rush (Juncales Juncaceae Juncus tenuis)
- Slender Wheatgrass (Poales Gramineae (Poaceae) Agropyron trachycaulum)
- Slender Wild Rye (Poales Gramineae (Poaceae) Elymus villosus)
- Striped Manna Grass (Poales Gramineae (Poaceae) Glyceria striata)
- Sweet Reedgrass (Poales Gramineae (Poaceae) Cinna arundinacea)
- Tall Manna Grass (Poales Gramineae (Poaceae) Glyceria grandis)
- Tall Millet Grass (Poales Gramineae (Poaceae) Milium effusum)
- Timothy (Poales Gramineae (Poaceae) Phleum pratense)
- Virginia Wild Rye (Poales Gramineae (Poaceae) Elymus virginicus)
- White Bentgrass (Poales Gramineae (Poaceae) Agrostis alba)
- White Grass (Poales Gramineae (Poaceae) Leersia virginica)
- Wood Reed (Poales Gramineae (Poaceae) Cinna latifolia)
- Wood Rush (Juncales Juncaceae Luzula acuminata)
- Woodland Sedge (Cyperales Cyperaceae Carex blanda)
- Wool Grass (Cyperales Cyperaceae Scirpus cyperinus)
- Yellow Foxtail (Poales Gramineae (Poaceae) Setaria glauca)
Horsetails
- Field Horsetail (Equisetales Equisetaceae Equisetum arvense)
- Rough Horsetail (Equisetales Equisetaceae Equisetum hyemale affine)
- Wood Horsetail (Equisetales Equisetaceae Equisetum sylvaticum)
Ferns
- Bracken Fern (Polypodiales Polypodiaceae Pteridium aquilinum latiusculum")
- Bulbet Fern (Polypodiales Polypodiaceae Cystopteris bulbifera)
- Cut-Leaved Grape Fern (Ophioglossales Ophioglossaceae Botrychium dissectum)
- Fragile Fern (Polypodiales Polypodiaceae Cystopteris fragilis)
- Interrupted Fern (Osmundales Osmundaceae Osmunda claytoniana)
- Lady Fern (Polypodiales Polypodiaceae Athyrium angustum)
- Lady Fern (Polypodiales Polypodiaceae Athyrium filix-femina michauxii)
- Leathery Grapefern (Ophioglossales Ophioglossaceae Botrychium multifidum intermedium)
- Maidenhair Fern (Polypodiales Polypodiaceae Adiantum pedatum)
- Marsh Fern (Polypodiales Polypodiaceae Thelypteris palustris)
- Monk's Shield Fern (Polypodiales Polypodiaceae Dryopteris carthusiana)
- Ostrich Fern (Polypodiales Polypodiaceae Matteuccia struthiopteris)
- Rattlesnake Fern (Ophioglossales Ophioglossaceae Botrychium virginianum)
- Sensitive Fern (Polypodiales Polypodiaceae Onoclea sensibilis)
Mosses
- Shining Club Moss (Lycopodiales Lycopodiaceae Lycopodium lucidulum)
Fauna
- Common Name (Order Family [Subfamily] Genus species)
Birds
- American Crow (Passeriformes Corvidae Corvus brachyrhynchos)
- American Goldfinch (Passeriformes Fringillidae [Carduelinae] Carduelis tristis)
- American Redstart (Passeriformes Parulidae Setophaga ruticilla)
- American Robin (Passeriformes Turdidae Turdus migratorius)
- Barred Owl (Strigiformes Strigidae [Buboninae] Strix varia)
- Black-and-white Warbler (Passeriformes Parulidae Mniotilta varia)
- Black-capped Chickadee (Passeriformes Paridae Parus atricapillus)
- Blue Jay (Passeriformes Corvidae Cyanocitta cristata)
- Blue-gray Gnatcatcher (Passeriformes Sylviidae Polioptila caerulea)
- Brown Thrasher (Passeriformes Mimidae Toxostoma rufum)
- Brown-headed Cowbird (Passeriformes Icteridae [Icterinae] Icteridae Molothrus ater)
- Canada Warbler (Passeriformes Parulidae Wilsonia canadensis)
- Cedar Waxwing (Passeriformes Bombycillidae [Bombycillinae] Bombycilla cedrorum)
- Chestnut-sided Warbler (Passeriformes Parulidae Dendroica pensylvanica)
- Chipping Sparrow (Passeriformes Emberizidae [Emberizinae] Spizella passerina)
- Common Grackle (Passeriformes Icteridae [Icterinae] Quiscalus quiscula)
- Cooper's Hawk (Falconiformes Accipitridae Accipiter cooperii)
- Downy Woodpecker (Piciformes Picidae [Picinae] Picoides pubescens)
- Eastern Wood-Pewee (Passeriformes Tyrannidae Contopus virens)
- European Starling (Passeriformes Sturnidae [Sturninae] Sturnus vulgaris)
- Gray Catbird (Passeriformes Mimidae Dumetella carolinensis)
- Great Crested Flycatcher (Passeriformes Tyrannidae Myiarchus crinitus)
- Hairy Woodpecker (Piciformes Picidae [Picinae] Picoides villosus)
- House Sparrow (Passeriformes Passeridae Passer domesticus)
- House Wren (Passeriformes Troglodytidae Troglodytes aedon)
- Indigo Bunting (Passeriformes Emberizidae [Cardinalinae] Passerina cyanea)
- Least Flycatcher (Passeriformes Tyrannidae Empidonax minimus)
- Magnolia Warbler (Passeriformes Parulidae Dendroica magnolia)
- Mourning Dove (Columbiformes Columbidae Zenaida macroura)
- Northern Cardinal (Passeriformes Emberizidae Cardinalis cardinalis)
- Northern Flicker (Piciformes Picidae Colaptes auratus)
- Northern Oriole (Passeriformes Emberizidae Icterus galbula)
- Ovenbird (Passeriformes Parulidae Seiurus aurocapillus)
- Pileated Woodpecker (Piciformes Picidae [Picinae] Dryocopus pileatus)
- Red-bellied Woodpecker (Piciformes Picidae [Picinae] Melanerpes carolinus)
- Red-eyed Vireo (Passeriformes Vireonidae [Veroninae] Vireo olivaceus)
- Red-headed Woodpecker (Piciformes Picidae [Picinae] Melanerpes erythrocephalus)
- Red-shouldered Hawk (Falconiformes Accipitridae lineatus)
- Ring-necked Pheasant (Galliformes Phasianidae [Phasianinae] Phasianus colchicus)
- Rose-breasted Grosbeak (Passeriformes Emberizidae [Cardinalinae] Pheucticus ludovicianus)
- Scarlet Tanager (Passeriformes Emberizidae Piranga olivacea)
- Solitary Vireo (Passeriformes Vireonidae [Veroninae] Vireo solitarius)
- Swainson's Thrush (Passeriformes Turdidae Catharus ustulatus)
- Veery (Passeriformes Turdidae Catharus fuscescens)
- White-breasted Nuthatch (Passeriformes Sittidae [Sittinae] Sitta carolinensis)
- Wood Thrush (Passeriformes Muscicapidae Hylocichla mustelina)
- Yellow-bellied Sapsucker (PiciformesPicidae Sphyrapicus varius)
- Yellow-throated Vireo (Passeriformes Vireonidae [Veroninae] Vireo flavifrons)
Reptiles
- Common Garter Snake (Squamata Colubridae Thamnophis sirtalis)
- Northern Brown Snake (Squamata Colubridae Storeria dekayi)
- Redbelly Snake (Squamata Colubridae Storeria occipitomaculata)
Amphibians
- American Toad (Anura Bufonidae Bufo americanus)
- Green Frog (Anura Ranidae Rana clamitans)
- Northern Leopard Frog (Anura Ranidae Rana pipiens)
- Striped Chorus Frog (Anura Hylidae Pseudacris triseriata)
- Wood Frog (Anura Ranidae Rana sylvatica)
