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- Lucas Pacioli (1445-1514)
- Born in Italy.
- He devised rules for the four simple processes of arithmetic and a method for extracting square roots.
- Pappus (fl. c.320 CE)
- Born in Alexandria.
- In The Collection, he revised, edited, and expanded works of the classic writers and added many of his own proofs and theoroms.
- Blaise Pascal (1623-1662)
- Born in France.
- He invented a calculating machine, which is an ancestor of the modern computer.
- He made significant contributions to the theory of probability.
- He discovered the fundamental properties of the cycloid curve.
- He developed a triangle to determine the coefficients of a binomial expression.
- Giuseppe Peano (1858-1932)
- Born in Italy.
- He was a pioneer in symbolic logic.
- He discovered a curve that fills topological space.
- George Pólya (1887-1985)
- Born in Hungary.
- His theorom is the solution of a problem in combined analysis theory and method.
- He published studies on analytical functions and on algebraic functions.
- Jean-Victor Poncelet (1788-1867)
- Born in France
- In a book, he described the properties of plane figures that remain unchanged when projected.
- He used analytical geometry and contributed to the development of synthetic (projective) geometry.
- George Purbach (1423-1461)
- Born in Austria.
- He published a table of natural sines.
- Pythagoras (569 BCE - 545 BCE)
- Born in Samos.
- He proved the properties of right-angled triangles.
- He showed that the plane about a point could be completely filled by equilateral triangles, by squares, or by right hexagons.
- He proved that the side and the diagonal of a square are incommensurable.
- He did much research in arithmetic.
