Treaties

This is a list of treaties in which England was involved from 1100 to 1949. The date, name, and significance of each is recorded.

1101 - Treaty of Alton: Henry I was recognized as the King of England and his older brother, Robert, as Duke of Normandy. The duke was freed of debts owed to William Rufus and offered a pension by his brother. Amnesty was offered to the followers of Robert.
1259 - Treaty of Paris: It made peace between France and England. Henry III surrendered all claims to French territory, except Gascony.
1277 - Treaty of Conway: Prince Llewellyn was compelled to yield territory, to do homage to Edward I of England, to be relogated to the position of a mere chieftain of North Wales.
1303 - Treaty of Paris: A war between France and England came to an end. The marriage between Edward I and the sister of King Philip IV, as well as the one between Edward's son and the French king's daughter were agreed upon.
1328 - Treaty of Northampton: Robert Bruce became King of the Scots. Scotland achieved full independence from England.
1334 - Treaty of Newcastle: Edward Balliol handed over to England much of Lothian in the south and performed homage to Edward III for the rest of Scotland.
1357 - Treaty of Berwick: David II, who was a prisoner in the Tower, agreed to pay a large sum as ransom and promised that, if he had no male heir, Edward or his son should succeed him to the throne of Scotland.
1360 - Treaty of Brétigny: England acquired the whole of Henry II's possessions in Aquitaine in full sovereignty, Edward I's inheritance of Ponthieu, and the port and city of Calais. A ransom was also fixed for John the Good and other prisoners. Edward renounced his claim to the French throne.
1420 - Treaty of Troyes: It concluded a war between France and England. Henry V promised to marry the daughter of Charles VI of France. Henry promised to reduce to obedience all parts of France which accepted the rule of the disinherited dauphin. He assumed that the whole of Normandy was his in full sovereignty.
1495 - Treaty of Etapes: It concluded a war between France and England, in which England gained little -- a tribute in hard cash.
1496 - Magnus Intercursus: It improved relations between England and The Netherlands.
1526 - Treaty of Cognac: England, France, and a number of Italian states agreed to contest the imperial Austrian domination of Italy.
1546 - Treaty of Ardes: The English would be allowed to retain Boulogne for six years, after which the French would be allowed to buy it back.
1559 - Treaty of Cateau-Cambrésis: It ended the war of France on one side and England and Spain on the other.
1572 - Treaty of Blois: England and France promised each other military and naval assistance if either were attacked by a third power.
1560 - Treaty of Edinburgh (Leith): French troops were withdrawn from Scotland.
1639 - Pacification of Berwick: The Scots would disband their army and restore the royal castles that they had seized. The king would assemble a General Assembly and a Parliament, which would be regularly summoned. One would have the decision of ecclesiastic affairs, and the other, of temporal affairs.
1640 - Treaty of Ripon: The Scots would be allowed to remain on English territory that they had conquered, while their army was to be paid by the king until a final settlement be reached.
1667 - Treaty of Breda: It ended a war between the Dutch and the English.
1670 - Secret Treaty of Dover: Charles II agreed, in return for a large annual payment, to become an ally of French King Louis XIV, and support him against the Dutch. He would also declare himself a Roman Catholic as soon as the affairs of his kingdom permitted it. This was done without the knowledge of the British people.
1700s - Barrier Treaty: It guaranteed the Protestant succession in England. Dutch troops could be called in.
1713 - Treaty of Utrecht: Peace was made between England and France. England retained Gibraltar. British possession of Nova Scotia, Newfoundland, and most of the West Indies was confirmed. It secured the right of the Hudson's Bay Company to the shores of Hudson Bay. It established the East India Company at Madras, Bombay, Calcutta, and other forts in India. It opened the door to British trade with Spanish America, including the slave trade.
1763 - Treaty of Paris: England kept India and Canada. Guadaloupe and Martinique, in the West Indies, and fishing rights off Newfoundland were handed back to France.
1783 - Treaty of Versailles: It acknowledged the independence of the United States and recognized Louisiana as French and Florida as Spanish. Britain handed back to France two small West Indian islands, but kept Canada, Nova Scotia, and Gibraltar.
1802 - Peace of Amiens: It brought a temporary peace in the Napoleonic Wars. Britain agreed to restore all her conquests to France, to Spain, and to Holland, except Trinida (Spain), and Ceylon (Holland).
1814 - Treaty of Chaumont: It was a treaty negiotiated by the British Foreign Secretary among the principal allies, laying the foundations for the future settlement.
1815 - Treaty of Vienna: France would keep her frontiers of 1790, being kept out of the Low Countries and the Rhine. Belgium was united with Holland. France retained Alsace-Lorraine. Piedmont, Austria, Sweden, and Poland gained territory. Spain and Portugal were given their old boundaries.
1842 - Treaty of Nanking: Hong Kong was ceded to Britain. Ports, in addition to Canton, were opened to foreign trade.
1856 - Treaty of Paris: The Crimean War was ended. Russia abandoned southern Bessarabia. Russia's claim to a protectorate over the Turkish Christians was set aside. The Dardenelles were closed to foreign warships during peace. Turkey's independence was guaranteed by the Powers. Russia accepted demilitarization of the Black Sea.
1902 - Peace of Vereeniging: It concluded the Boer Wars. The Boers were not to be punished, except for certain specified breaches of the usage of war. Self-government would be accorded as soon as possible. Britain would pay three million pounds in compensation.
1918 - Treaty of Versailles: It provided an armistice for the conclusion of World War I, based on U.S. President Wilson's Fourteen Points. However, it was not enforced.
1949 - North Atlantic Treaty: It provided for an alliance of fifteen powers, mutually acceptable to each other, which would be able and willing to come together for common defence against a potential aggressor.