Persons

Ahmose, Son of Ebana (Navy captain) - c1535 BCE: Fought under Ahmose I in campaigns trying to expell the Hyksos from Egypt; Fought under Amenhotep I and Thutmose I in Nubia and Syria; Won many "Gold of Valour" awards and tracts of land for bravery; Recorded his exploits on his tomb walls
Amenemhet I (King) - c1991-1962 BCE: Reunited Upper and Lower Egypt; Built the defensive Walls of the Prince on the eastern side of the Delta; Sent two military expeditions into Nubia, extending Egyptian control to the Second Cataract; Established a new capital at Itj-tawy; Built several temples; Established the worship of Amun throughout Egypt
Amenemhet III (King) - c1842-1797 BCE: Regulated the flow of the floodwaters into the Faiyum and reclaimed much agricultural land; Promoted the use of nilometers to determine the height of flooding in a year; Built two pyramids -- at Dahshur and Hawarâ; Built the Labyrinth mortuary temple; Extended Egypt's boundary south to the Third Cataract; Brought stability and security to Egypt; Protected Egypt's interests in the Sinai Peninsula torquoise mines
Amenhotep III (King) - c1886-1849 BCE: Ended a revolt in Kush; Kept peace in the Egyptian Empire and with foreign rulers; Promoted international trade; Refurbished many temples and monuments; Built a temple to Amun at Thebes; Ordered the building of reclining sphinxes; Built a mortuary temple at Thebes on the west bank; Built a huge palace at Malkata
Amenhotep IV (Akhenaten) (King) - c1350-1334 BCE: Changed the Egyptian religion from the worship of Amun-Re to that of the Aten; Proclaimed himself the mediator between humans and the Aten; Built a new capital north of Thebes, calling it Akhetaten; Kept the correspondence from his subjects at this new capital
Cleopatra VIII (Queen) - c51-30 BCE: Fled to Syria on discovering a plot against her; Supported by Julkius Caesar, defeated the plotters; First Ptolemy to learn the Egyptian language; Joined the Egyptians in worshiping their gods; After Caesar's death, won the affection and support of Marc Anthony; Lost a sea battle at Actium to Octavius; Committed suicide
Djoser (King) - c2668-2649 BCE: Kept Upper and Lower Egypt unified and peaceful; Ordered the building of the Step Pyramid, which set a precedent for future pyramids
Harkhuf (Caravan leader, explorer, trader, local governor) - c2275 BCE: Led four trading expeditions into Nubia and farther south; Successfully aided Nubia in a battle with a neighbouring enemy; Brought back a pygmy from Punt
Hatshepsut (Female king) - c1498-1483 BCE: Claimed the heredity rights to rule Egypt; Had her tomb built in the Valley of the Kings; Restored maritime trade with Punt; Ordered the construction of a mortuary temple at Deir el Bahri; Ordered other temples to be built; Had four giant obelisks erected at Karnak
Horemheb (King) - c1321-1293 BCE: Reinstated the priesthood of Amun-Re; Led expeditions into Syria and Nubia; Restored trade relations with the South and the East; Issued the Horemheb Edict to address the abuses suffered by the poor; Reestablished Memphis as the political capital of Egypt; Inaugurated a building programme, including a hypostyle honouring Amun-Re
Imhotep (Architect, physician) - c2700--2649 BCE: Designed the Step Pyramid; Worshiped eventually as the god of medicine because of his skill as a physician
Khufu (King) - c2589--2566 BCE: Sent campaigns into Nubia; Maintained control of the mines in the Sinai Peninsula; Kept Egypt a unified nation; Built the Great Pyramid at Ziza
Nebhepetre Mentuhotep I (King) - c2060--2010 BCE: Reunified Upper and Lower Egypt; Sent military expeditions into Nubia, Sinai Peninsula, and Libya; Annexed northern Nubia; Opened trade routes between Nubia and Egypt; Promoted the arts; Built a huge temple-tomb for himself at Deir el Bahri
Nefertari (Queen) - fl. c1270 BCE: Gave support to her husband Ramesses II; Being his favourite wife, a temple in her honour built at Abu Simbel by the king; Her tomb complex in the Valley of the Queens the most splendid uncovered so far
Nefertiti (Queen) - c1345 BCE: Aided her husband Akhenaten in changing the Egyptian religion; Also aided him in overseeing the building of the new capital; Encouraged the new art form, the Amarna style
Pepi II (King) - c2278-2184 BCE: Longest ruling Egyptian monarch; Sent trading expeditions into Nubia and Punt; Expanded trade to the south and east; Kept the economy stable; Had Pyramid Texts carved into the walls of his tomb
Ptahhotep (Visier, writer of maxims) - c2400 BCE: Author of Instructions, a set of thirty-seven maxims, which was used as a text for hundreds of years
Ranmesses II (King) - c1279-1212 BCE: Reconquered Palestine and Syria; Signed a peace treaty with the Hittite king; Ordered a line of garrisons to be established along the western edge of the Delta; Improved trade relations with several neighbours; Oversaw a building programme, including the hypostyle hall at Karnak and his mortuary temple at Abydos; Ordered two temples cut into the rocks at Abu Simbel; Ordered the building of the Ramesseum mortuary temple near the Valley of the Kings; Ordered his tomb complex and one for his children built in the Valley of the Kings
Ramesses III (King) - c1182-1151 BCE: Defeated the Libyans twice; Defeated the Sea Peoples preparing to invade Egypt; Won against the Sea Peoples the first recorded naval battle; Built a huge mortuary temple at Medinet Habu; First recorded union strike during his reign; Involved in a harem conspiracy
Rekhmire (Vizier) - c1460 BCE: Served during the rules of Thutmose III and Amenhotep; Was in charge of collecting tributes, gifts, and taxes; Built a tomb at Sheikh Abd el Qurna; Left on his tomb a list of the duties of a vizier
Senenmut (Adviser to Hatshepsut, chief steward, architect, tutor) - c1495 BCE: Responsible for the design and the construction of the temple at Deir el Bahri; Oversaw the obelisk erection at Karnak; Oversaw the distribution of items imported from Punt
Senwosret I (King) - c1971-1928 BCE: Established forts in Nubia to protect Egyptian interests there; Secured access to the copper and turquoise mines in Sinai; Extended control over the five oases in the western desert; Stopped Libyan incursions into Egypt; Promoted trade with Syria and Palestine; Oversaw a huge building programme
Senwosret III (King) - c1878-1841 BCE: Sent several military expeditions into Nubia; Ordered fortresses built south of the Second Cataract; Had a canal rebuilt around the First Cataract; Revamped the central government; Divided Egypt into three districts, each under a vizier; Decreased the power of nomarchs
Seti I (Vizier, Military commander, King) - c1291-1278 BCE: Vizier and military commander-in-chief under Ramesses I; Defeated Shasu opposition in the Sinai Peninsula; Led successful military compaigns in Palestine and Syria; Led a battle with the Hittites, settling the northern boundary; Ended Libyan raids into Egypt; Led a successful expedition against the Kushites; Inaugurated a massive building programme; Built a mortuary temple at Qurna; Built a temple to himself and six deities at and another to his father Abydos; Rebuilt the Osireion; Built the grandest tomb thus far discovered in the Valley of the Kings

Snefru (King) - c2613-2589 BCE: Led campaigns into Nubia and Libya; Subdued tribes in the Sinai Peninsula; Supported trade with Byblos, Phoenicia; Responsible for finishing Huni's pyramid at Meidum; Built the Bent and Red Pyramids at Dahshur
Thutmose III (King) - c1504-1450 BCE: Brought the Syria-Palestine area under Egyptian control; Extended the Egyptian boundary to the Euphrates; Defeated the Mitannians; Established the Egyptian Empire; Extended the southern boundary to the Fourth Cataract; Rebuilt many temples and other buildings; Brought peace to Egypt and lands under its control; Encouraged trade expeditions; Obtained wealth from tributes and gifts from conquered lands and allies
Tiye (Queen) - c1370 BCE: Mother of six children, including Amenhotep IV; Won the respect of Egyptians and foreign rulers of allied nations and areas under Egyptian rule
Tutankhamen (King) - c1334-1325 BCE: Left Akhetaten and had Memphis the capital for political matters and Thebes for religious matters; Reinstated the worship of Amun-Re and traditional Egyptian gods; Rebuilt many religious structures; Promoted international trade
Weni (Uni) (Judge, general, governor, expedition leade) - c2300 BCE: Served three kings in administrative positions; Investigated a plot involving a royal wife; Led successful military expeditions into the Sinai Peninsula and southern Palestine; Led trading expeditions into Nubia; Organized the digging of five canals alongside the First Cataract to transport stone for the building of the pyramids