Kazakhstan
Parliament is bicameral and is located in Astana.
The Mazhilis has 67 members, who are elected to four-year terms by popular vote. The Senate has 47 members, who are elected by indirect vote.
Khans of the Golden Horde
1227-1255 Batu
1255-1256 Sartak
1256-1257 Ulaghchi
1257-1267 Berke
1267-1280 Mengu Timur/TD>
1280-1287 Tuda Mengu
1287-1290 Tola Buqa
1290-1312 Toqtu
1312-1341 Uzbeg
1341-1342 Tinibeg
1342-1357 Janibeg
1357-1359 Berdibeg
1359-1360 Qulpa
1360-1361 Nawruz Beg
1361-1362 Khidr
1362-1362 Timur Khoja
1362-1362 Keldibeg
1362-1364 Murid
1364-1367 Aziz Khan
1367-1370 Abdullah
1370-1378 Muhammad Bulak
1378-1395 Tokhtamish
1395-1400 Timur Qutlugh
1400-1407 Shadibeg
1407-1410 Pulad Timur
1410-1412 Timur Khan
1412-1412 Jolah-ud-Din
1412-1414 Karim Berdi
1414-1417 Kebek
1417-1419 Jabbar Berdi
1419-1437 Ulugh Muhammad
1437-1465 Sayyid Ahmad I
1465-1481 Ahmad Khan
1481-1499 Murtada (joint ruler)
1481-1502 Sheikh Ahmad (joint ruler)
1481-1502 Sayyid Ahmad I (joint ruler)
Presidents
1991 now Nursultan Nazarbayez
Prime Ministers
1991-1994 Sergei Tereshchenko
1994-1997 Akeshan Kashegeldin
1997-1999 Nurlan Balgimbajev
1999-2002 Tokayev Kasymzhomart Kemelevich
2002 now Imangali Tasmagambetov
