Italy
Parliament is bicameral and is located in Rome.
The Chamber of Deputies has 630 members. Three-quarters are elected by popular vote. One-quarter are elected by a system of proportional representation from parties having at least 4% of the total vote. They serve five-year terms. The Senate has 315 members elected to a five-year term in the same way as members of the Chamber of Deputies. In addition, 5 are appointed for life by the president. Also, all former presidents become senators for life. The two houses have equal power in passing laws.
Kings
1861-1878 Victor Emmanuel II
1878-1900 Umberto I
1900-1946 Victor Emmanuel III
1946-1946 Umberto II
Presidents
1946-1948 Enrico de Nicola
1948-1955 Luigi Einaudi
1955-1964 Giovanni Gronchi
1964-1971 Giuseppe Saragat
1971-1978 Giovanni Leone
1978-1978 Amintore Fanfani
1978-1985 Alessandro Pertini
1985-1992 Francesco Cossiga
1992-1992 Giovanni Spadolini
1992-1999 Oscar Luigi Scalfaro
1999-1999 Nicola Mancino
1999 now Carlo Azeglio Ciampi
Prime Ministers
1860-1861 Camillo di Cavour
1861-1862 Bettino Ricasoli
1862-1862 Urbano Rattazzi
1862-1863 Luigi Carlo Farini
1863-1864 Marco Minghetti
1864-1866 Alfonso Lamarmora
1866-1867 Bettino Ricasoli
1867-1867 Urbano Rattazzi
1867-1869 Luigi Federico Menabrea
1869-1873 Giovanni Lanza
1873-1876 Marco Minghetti
1876-1878 Agostino Depretis
1878-1878 Benedetto Cairoli
1878-1879 Agostino Depretis
1879-1881 Benedetto Cairoli
1881-1887 Agostino Depretis
1887-1891 Francesco Crispi
1891-1892 Antonio di Rudini
1892-1893 Giovanni Giolitti
1893-1896 Francesco Crispi
1896-1898 Antonio di Rudini
1898-1900 Luigi Pelloux
1900-1901 Giuseppe Saracco
1901-1903 Giuseppi Zanardelli
1903-1905 Giovanni Gioletti
1905-1906 Alessandro Fortis
1906-1906 Sidney Sonnino
1906-1909 Giovanni Gioletti
1909-1910 Sidney Sonnino
1910-1911 Luigi Luzzatti
1911-1914 Giovanni Gioletti
1914-1916 Antonio Salandra
1916-1917 Paolo Boselli
1917-1919 Vittorio Emanuele Orlando
1919-1920 Francesco Nitti
1920-1921 Giovanni Gioletti
1921-1922 Ivanoe Bonomi
1922-1922 Luigi Facta
1922-1943 Benito Mussolini
1943-1944 Pietro Badoglio
1944-1945 Ivanoe Bonomi
1945-1945 Ferrucio Parri
1945-1953 Alcide de Gasperi
1953-1954 Giuseppe Pella
1954-1954 Amintori Fanfani
1954-1955 Mario Scelba
1955-1957 Antonio Segni
1957-1958 Andone Zoli
1958-1959 Amintore Fanfani
1959-1960 Antonio Segni
1960-1960 Fernando Tambroni
1960-1963 Amintore Fanfani
1963-1963 Aldo Moro
1963-1963 Giovanni Leone
1963-1968 Aldo Moro
1968-1971 Mariano Rumor
1971-1972 Emilio Colombo
1972-1973 Giulio Andreotti
1973-1974 Mariano Rumor
1974-1976 Aldo Moro
1976-1979 Giulio Andreotti
1979-1980 Francesco Cossiga
1980-1981 Arnaldo Forlani
1981-1982 Giovanni Spadolini
1982-1983 Amintore Fanfani
1983-1987 Bettino Craxi
1987-1987 Amintore Fanfani
1987-1988 Giovanni Goria
1988-1989 Ciriaco De Mita
1989-1992 Giulio Andreotti
1992-1993 Giuliano Amato
1993-1994 Carlo Azeglio Ciampi
1994-1995 Silvio Berlusconi
1995-1996 Lamberto Dini
1996-1998 Romano Prodi
1998-2000 Massimo D'Alema
2000-2001 Giuliano Amato
2001 now Silvio Berlusconi
